Friday, August 21, 2020
Compulsion Symptom in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Compulsion Symptom in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD Print Compulsions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) By Marla Deibler, PsyD facebook twitter Marla W. Deibler, PsyD, MSCP, is a licensed clinical psychologist and nationally-recognized expert in anxiety disorders and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Marla Deibler, PsyD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 24, 2020 Sean Justice / Getty Images More in OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Compulsions are one of the two primary symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, a psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1.2% of adults in the United States in a given year.?? A compulsion is a repetitive behavior or mental act that a person with OCD is driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigidly applied rules (which are often used to help manage feelings of anxiety or distress). Compulsions vs. Habits Not all repeated behaviors and routines are compulsions. Many people follow a familiar pattern or routine when getting ready for bed at night, for example, or they may perform other self-care tasks, such as showering, in a specific order. These tendencies, or habits, can occur subconsciously, and habits can serve a positive purpose in daily functioning. Habits are considered to be within the range of ânormalâ human behavior.?? Similarly, just because someone is particularly orderly and feels good about keeping their living environment tidy does not mean they are OCD or have OCD. Neatness is a personality trait or aesthetic preference; obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental illness. With OCD, compulsions are time-consuming and accompanied by significant emotional distress.?? The behaviors are typically carried out for two reasons: To neutralize or reduce the anxiety, disgust, or distressTo minimize or prevent the perceived risk/feared outcome associated with an obsession Why Ignoring Obsessions Can Make OCD Worse For example, a person with OCD might perform compulsive behaviors because they feel that something bad will happen if they do not. Performing the compulsion can also be a way for a person with OCD to quiet recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant anxiety or distress. Compulsions are often driven by internal tension and a sense that the behaviors must be carried out in a particular order such that it feels âjust right.â Common Compulsions The experience of OCD is different for everyone with the condition, but there are several types of compulsive behaviors that are common.?? Washing and Cleaning Compulsive behaviors related to cleanliness are often in response to obsessions about germs and contamination. Examples of these behaviors include hand washing or washing another part of the body in a certain way; excessive use of sanitizers, soaps, and other cleaning agents; excessive grooming and toileting routines; excessive cleaning of objects or items in the environment; and any other behaviors aimed at removing germs/dirt/contamination. Checking Checking behaviors are those that are carried out to provide reassurance that one did not or will not harm oneself or others. People with OCD may also perform these compulsions to reassure or ensure that they not make a mistake or do something perceived as unethical or immoral. Sometimes people with OCD find that checking behaviors help them ensure nothing bad has happened or will happen, for example, regarding the health and safety of themselves and others. Mental Rituals People with mental compulsions may spend a great deal of time thinking through something for clarification or attempting to figure out or better understand. They may perseverate on past events, mentally review communication, pray to prevent harm, or count in a specific way or to a specific number. Sometimes, people will verbalize (aloud or in their mind) a specific word or phrase that feels âgoodâ to replace or fix something that feels âbad or imagine a âgoodâ image to replace a âbadâ image. Repetition Compulsions that must be done over and over again can involve re-reading, re-writing, or repeating routine actions/activities, repeating body movements, or carrying out any other action a certain number of times. Need to Tell People with OCD may have obsessions and related compulsions about lying. To address the anxiety these obsessions cause, they may be compelled to tell or confess, in detail, even innocuous information. They may use statements of uncertainty like maybe instead of a more definitive yes or no to ensure that they are accurate and have not inadvertently lied (for example, if they later change their mind about something). Rituals Surrounding Morality Ethics Some people with OCD are focused on morals or ethical standards. They may carry out excessively rigid behaviors to live according to specific values (such as practices around religion, environmental concerns, health, and wellness). âJust Right / Tourettic / Tic-Related Compulsions Just right compulsions can involve counting, symmetry or evening up, arranging, ordering, positioning, touching, and tapping. There may be no elaborate obsession or feared outcome that drives this behavior. Sometimes its an intense somatic and/or psychological tension or discomfortâ"often described as something feeling incomplete or ânot rightââ"which is relieved by performing the behavior. Ordering or arranging objects or items until it feels âright is another facet of these compulsions. Avoidance People with OCD may avoid any anxiety-provoking stimuli associated with an obsession to minimize harm and decrease anxiety or distress. Can OCD Obsessions and Compulsions Change Over Time? Diagnostic Criteria for OCD The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), outlines diagnostic criteria for âObsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders.?? To be diagnosed with OCD, a person must meet the following criteria: The presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both.The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming (e.g., take more than 1 hour per day) or cause significant distress or impairment in oneâs daily functioning.The symptoms are not better accounted for by the physiological effects of a substance, medical condition, or other mental disorder. Obsessions are defined as: Recurrent, persistent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety or distressAttempts to ignore or suppress obsessions or neutralize them by performing a compulsion Compulsions are defined as: Repetitive behaviors or mental acts an individual is driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigidly applied rulesBehaviors or mental acts are aimed at reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing a feared outcome; however, they are clearly excessive or not connected in a realistic way to that which they are intended to address How OCD Is Diagnosed Its not uncommon for a person with OCD to have good insight. They may express an understanding of the unreasonableness of the behaviors, yet the very definition of compulsion is that even with the awareness that their behavior is extreme, the person feels unable to stop.?? When someone has poor insight, the symptoms can appear more like delusions. Its important that mental health professionals differentiate between symptoms of OCD and those of disorders such as schizophrenia. Sometimes, the symptoms of OCD are related to tics, especially if a person has a history of a tic disorder (such as Tourette syndrome). A Word From Verywell People with OCD may feel compelled to perform certain actions or behaviors, both internal and external, to minimize anxiety, fear, or other intense emotions. The drive to perform these behaviors can be distressing, as the person may be aware that they are extreme, but feels unable to stop. If someone has symptoms of OCD, a doctor or mental health professional can use a specific set of criteria to diagnose the condition, which is the first step toward treatment. The symptoms of OCD, including compulsions, can be difficult to live with, but the condition can be managed with a combination of therapy, medication, and behavior modification. There are also in-person and online support communities that can be safe spaces, provide reliable information, and help people with OCD connect with resources. Self-Help Strategies for Living With OCD
Thursday, June 25, 2020
Childhood obesity in the United States - 1100 Words
Childhood obesity in the United States (Research Paper Sample) Content: Childhood Obesity in the U.S Students Name: Institutional Affiliation: Thesis The major issues to be addressed by this paper include; the definition of child obesity. The Methods the research will employ in acquiring data on childhood obesity. The causes of childhood obesity. The likely symptoms by which parents or guardians can identify that their child is obese and thus taken the recommended action. The health effects of obesity in children both the long-term and short-term effects. The measures that can be undertaken to prevent and treat childhood obesity (Franks et al, 2010).A summary on what I recommend should be done based on the findings of the research I carried out. History Childhood obesity is a medical condition. It affects children and adolescents; this is representative of the age group between 5 to16. Obesity is the accumulation of fatty acids in the childââ¬â¢s body as compared to lean body mass. When a childââ¬â¢s weight is above t he recommended weight for that age group or his height; this is when it is compared to a standard weight determined using the body mass index.BMI refers to a mathematical formula used by the center of disease control so as to ascertain the standard weight for each age group. This formula divides the individualââ¬â¢s weight in pounds by the square of his height (Waters et al, 2011). The result is then multiplied by 703, and the result is the BMI. This is then plotted on a chart known as the BMI for age and gender specific growth chart. By this, they can determine an individual as either overweight that refer to increased body weight as compared to height or as obese. Above the 95th percentile on the chart indicates obesity for either gender or age and between 85th to the 95th percentile indicate that an individual is overweight (Yaqubi, 2011). There has been a constant increase in the cases of childhood obesity since the year 1980.The figures indicate that the numbers increased fr om 7% to!2%in 2012 this is among the children. The Same observation has been made by the adolescents who are obese with their number increasing 5% to 21% in 2012.It sad but a fact that we all have to contend with that more than 33.3% of all children and adolescents were either overweight or obese in the year 2012.The last fifty years have seen the cases of obesity among children more than doubled. It is also sad to note that despite the fact that obesity is very easy to detect it passes the notice of any people; with at least thirty percent of all cases of obesity among adults being attributed to childhood obesity (Yaqubi, 2011).Obesity have become an epidemic and one that needs urgent measures to control. Itââ¬â¢s the cause of at least 300000 adult deaths each year and costs the society at least 100 billion dollars each year in the maintenance of obese related conditions. Obesity as a medical condition does not kill by itself rather it creates an environment in which an individu al is susceptible to other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, stroke, diabetes, and dementia. It ranks among the deadliest medical conditions in the world (Waters et al, 2011). The causes of obesity according to the research conducted included; genetics, poor eating habits and patterns, lack of exercise or inactivity, nutrition-related issues, family factors, socio-economic factors, hormonal imbalance and resistance, availability of food, food addiction, aggressive advertising of products for children, lack of proper information, certain prescription drugs and pressures in the family. This is some of the findings discovered in this research that contribute to childhood obesity (Yaqubi, 2011). The first problem leading to obesity is Inactivity. It is a primary cause of obesity is as a result of the various conveniences that have come about as a result of modernization. This includes vehicles for transportation thus no walking to school or to the mall, junk food stores all over thus increasing the temptation of indulging in their intake (Anderson & Butcher, 2006). Televisions, video games, and the computer have replaced physical exercise as the only exercise the children prefer. This is worsened by the fact that there are remote controls meaning a child can do all that he needs from the comfort of his seat. This coupled with the fact that while seated he will probably be enjoying snack results in excess calories in the Childs body. Things have become too easy in America as compared to other countries, and this has impacted the American child heath negatively. Physical exercise has been totally neglected or ranks last in the priority of things to do thus increase in obese cases (Waters et al, 2011). Another major problematic area or cause is a poor choice of foods. We are all familiar that a balanced diet needs to contain proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, roughage, water and minerals but achieving this in the daily consumption routine becomes a bi t hard. This has also been worsened by the advent of processed foods that are preferred due to the busy routines in families and their ease in preparation. These processed foods contain salts such as saturated fats, sodium and high fructose com syrup this and many more are harmful to the healthy development of the child. Eating fast foods in restaurants is ideal because preparing an ordinary meal at home is cumbersome and takes a lot of time to cook, thus eating of unbalanced foods is opted for in many American families (Yaqubi, 2011). These fast foods that are a hot favorite with the young generation are high in sodium and fats that in large amount lead to overweight and subsequent obesity. The third problematic area leading to obesity is genetic disposition of a child may also determine whether he will be obese or not. Genetics influences where fats may accumulate in the body and at what rate it is stored in the body. It is a common fact that is a child had obese parents then he i s more than likely to become obese. Genetics has also been responsible...
Sunday, May 24, 2020
The Effects Of Verbal Abuse During Childhood On Adult...
Effects of Verbal Abuse During Childhood on Adult Behavior Raquel Rodriguez Bloomfield College Page Break Abstract This study examined the effects of growing up with verbal abuse on adult behavior. Forty one Bloomfield college students were given surveys to fill out that asked them to rate their childhood experiences regarding verbal abuse, and their behavior on a 1 to 5 scale (from never to frequently). We predicted that people who were verbally abused during their childhood, had an aggressive demeanor in adulthood. According to our research, we discovered that participants who reported they acted aggressively and got into altercations were verbally abused during their childhood or witnessed someone being verbally abused. Page Break Effects of Verbal Abuse During Childhood on Adult Behavior When most people think of abuse they think of something physical. Verbal abuse is a serious issue that not enough attention is paid to it. To be verbally abused means being attacked with words that injure an individual, word that cause someone to believe false statements of themselves. The aim for this study was to find a relationship between verbal abuse during childhood and adult behavior. Previous research suggest that individuals whoââ¬â¢ve experienced verbal abuse during their childhood suffered behavioral issues. Researchers have found a relationship between verbal abuse and bipolar disorder. Many findings shown how physical and sexual abuse cause bipolarShow MoreRelatedChildhood Abuse And Child Abuse1003 Words à |à 5 PagesChild abuse is a topic that not many feel comfortable discussing. It goes to reason then, that the abuse one has faced during their childhood is a topic that is also rarely discussed. When a person brings up the situations in which they had been abused as a child, many people will uncomfortably change the subject while giving their condolences. However, childhood abuse can greatly affect future of the adults who have suffered it. Abuse is defined by the Oxford Dictionary (2017) as: cruel and violentRead MoreThe Psychological Effects of Child Abuse731 Words à |à 3 PagesPsychological Effects of Child Abuse A recent study has found that five children die daily, due to abuse and neglect. According to the World Health Organization, ââ¬Å"Studies show that psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior are side effects of violence towards infants and younger children. Some of damaging behavior caused by abuse includes the following: Depression, alcohol and drug abuse, smoking, anxiety disorders, aggression and violence towards others, risky sexual behaviors and post-traumaticRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Childhood Abuse1562 Words à |à 7 Pages Childhood experiences and attachments are crucial to our emotional development. Children around this country are abused and neglected every second. ââ¬Å"Childhood maltreatment also represents a serious public health concern, with an estimated 3.3 million referrals to child protective agencies for suspected child maltreatment in 2005â⬠(Bentley Widom, 2009). Those children who are abused eventually become adults whom suffered from childhood trauma. Although a trauma may be considered to be in the pastRead MoreThere Are Many Different Forms Of Child Sexual Abuse. Sexual1436 Words à |à 6 PagesThere are many different forms of child sexual abuse. Sexual abuse can be perpetrated by a relative or a stranger. But the most common of sexual abuse is committed by a beloved relative. Ratican (1992) defines childhood sexual abuse is a sexual act performed over and over between an adult and child (1992). The effects of childhood sexual abuse can last into adulthood and effect the way that a person thinks or their outlook of life. The effect of this act has a negative impact on the psychologicalRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1710 Words à |à 7 Pagesbiblical times. During recent years child maltreatment has had an increase in the publics eye. There are many factors to child maltreatment. There are four general categories of child maltreatment now recognized. They are physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and emotional maltreatment. Each category, in turn, covers a range of behavior. The maltreatment of children not only affects the children themselves, but also affects the family by making it dysfunctional. Physical Abuse à à à à à PhysicalRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1599 Words à |à 7 Pagesimportant social issue because it negatively affects both the abuser and the victim. In the article, ââ¬Å"Domestic Violence and Abuse: Types, Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Effects,â⬠the authors, Benedictis, Jaffe, and Segal, claim that, ââ¬Å"Domestic abuse is not a result of losing control; domestic abuse is intentionally trying to control another person. The abuser is purposefully using verbal, nonverbal, or physical means to gain control over the other personâ⬠(Benedictis, Jaffe, Segal 1). Desiring control overRead MoreEmotional Trauma Within The Family1568 Words à |à 7 Pages Emotional Trauma within the Family Parental substance abuse directly affects the emotional well-being of children within the family. It is estimated that one in four children in the United States are exposed to a family memberââ¬â¢s alcohol abuse or dependence, and one in six children lives with a parent who has used illicit drugs in the past year (Journal of Child and Family Social Work). Children exposed to parental substance abuse are at an increased risk for various problems such as, emotionalRead MoreAccording To Federal Law Child Abuse Is Deemed As Any Type1327 Words à |à 6 Pages According to federal law child abuse is deemed as any type of current act or failure to act upon on the part of a parent or caretaker which can result in death, serious physical or emotional pain, sexually explicit abuse or exploitation or an action or failure of an action in which anything presents an imminent risk of serious harm. According to the journal of Family Violence every year 3.3 to 10 million children endure and witness abuse and violence in their homes. Research also shows that evenRead MoreA Report On An Acute Crisis Stabilization Unit1309 Words à |à 6 Pages1) re-experiencing, which can manifest itself as nightmares, flashbacks, or reactivity; 2) avoidance, which can present itself as denial, refusal to answer questions, social withdrawal, and even substance abuse; and 3) hyperarousal, which can take the form of irritability, insomnia, and verbal aggression. Avoidance can shield patients from experiencing shame, minimize emotional arousal, preserve self-esteem, and offer a sense of safety. Unfortunately, it can also hamper the healthy resolution ofRead More Sexuality962 Words à |à 4 Pagesand interactions that are defining features of romantic intimacy. (Fering 2009) Child sexual abuse (CSA) is defined in the International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences as any [sexual] action that is inflicted upon or must be tolerated by a child against their own will or any [sexual] action about which the child cannot make a decision due to their physical, emotional, mental, and verbal inferiority. Statistics for the prevalence of CSA range from anywhere from 15 to 25 percent
Monday, May 18, 2020
Marilyn Monroe s Fight Against Mental Disorder - 1468 Words
Marilyn Monroeââ¬â¢s Fight Against a Mental Disorder One of the most famous and iconic women in history, known by the name of Marilyn Monroe, lived a life of a star in the views of thousands of fans. From her beauty to her beautiful, bubbly personality, and the fame she acquired through movies and photographs might be the world to many, but for Marilyn it was worthless. Her exterior expressed happiness and pure bliss in front of the cameras, but nobody seem to pay attention to what was going on in her head much less her mental wellbeing. Her mental problems escalated with time and lead to her untimely death at the age of thirty-six (Bingaman, 2012). The news of her death shocked many, but more over the fact that she killed herself with an overdose (ââ¬Å"A psychologicalâ⬠, 2014). During this time, therapeutic interventions used during her time were ill-conceived and implemented, which in a different setting could have possibly saved her life (Doll, 2007). After her death, in formation about her early life gave a sign that Marilyn Monroe had a predisposition to a mental disorder, which only worsen over time expressed in her inability to have a normal-stable life. Marilyn Monroe was born as Norma Jeane Mortenson on June 1, 1926, by her mother Gladys Pearl Baker (Doll, 2007). Norma Jeane began her life without her father as he disappeared before her birth (Doll, 2007). The unfortunate events of Norma Jeane began when she was placed in a foster home after her mother wasShow MoreRelatedDorothy Dandridge : African American Woman1979 Words à |à 8 Pagestime, the early 1930ââ¬â¢s through the 1960ââ¬â¢s, that was saying something. Racism was a lot worse then what it is now, but it made it harder for African Americans to achieve their goals, especially African American women. Dorothy was very worth looking up to now and when she was alive. Dorothy Dandridge is a contribution to African American history because she was the first African American woman to be nominated for an Academy Award for best actress, how she fought all odds against her, mainly racismRead MoreBeauty and the Media2805 Words à |à 12 PagesFifty years ago, the ideal woman was slightly plump, big-breasted, and rosy. In fact, the dominant ideal of female beauty was exemplified by Marilyn Monroe- hardly your androgynous, athletic, adolescent type. At the peak of her popularity, Monroe was often described as Ãâfemininity incarnate, Ãâfemaleness embodied (Susan Bordo 127). Marilyn Monroe was the 1950s ideal woman. She did not feel the need to maintain a child-like appearance or be overly athletic like we feel the need to be today. When sheRead MoreViolence And Sexual Content And The Media2947 Words à |à 12 Pagescontinue to influence change well into the early 1900ââ¬â¢s. During in 1914- 1918 World War 1 propaganda started censorship and had more technology. Then in 1923 Time Magazine made a debut and ATT was able to link two radio stations making the first network. 1950ââ¬â¢s was called the ââ¬Å"Golden Age of Televisionâ⬠and television shows such as ââ¬Å"I Love Lucyâ⬠and the Andy Griffith show appeared on TV. In 1953 Playboy magazine was introduced with Marilyn Monroe as the first centerfold. As time moved on you was ableRead More Anorexia Essay3393 Words à |à 14 Pageslife. Body image obsession, self-devotion, attention grabbing, selfishness, are all attributes which keenly describe anorexia in the eyes of the media and most hospital institutions. It is that view point which affect modern societies view eating disorders, and anorexia in particular. Examples can be found in the recent attention paid towards anorexia, most of this well deserved attention, however, is not positive. Sketches on television viewed by the programming of such shows as Saturday NightRead MoreEssay on Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura3891 Words à |à 16 Pagesbetween television violence and aggressive behavior. Consider the case of Tyler Richie, a shy 10-year-old boy who has been raised on a Saturday-morning diet of superheroes. After school hes absorbed for an hour in helping Nintendos Mario Brothers fight their way out of danger. He then catches the last half of a Rockford Files rerun on a local station and sees that even mild mannered James Garner regards violence as the best option when his Pappie is in trouble. After dinner, Ty laughs at the fakeRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words à |à 1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle Rive r, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words à |à 820 PagesCongress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Introduction to Cataloging and Classification, Tenth Edition Arlene G. Taylor LIbRaRy and InfoRMaTIon
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Motivation As A Foundation For All Sports Around The World
Motivation forms a foundation for all sports around the world. (Spray, Wang, Biddle Chatzisarantis 2006).It is of vital importance for athletes to improve the degree of determination and desire of sporting performance, because it can be the decisive factor for emotional control, strengthening attention, improving confidence and degree of loving sports. For an individual to become the best in any sports activity, motivation is crucial as it helps him or her to do the necessary to maximize his or her ability for better performances. As a result, the athlete can implement and attain his or her planned goals. In addition, motivation is important in sports as it conditions the psychic state of an athlete, thus problems associated with theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦For better performance in any sport, an individual must have that desire to develop as a sports participant, and be willing to maintain all positive efforts until the planned goals and objectives are implemented. In sports, motivation is imperative, as it is the only aspect that can be controlled by the participant during any performance. Various aspects like ability, competition difficulties, and motivation influence performance. An individual is born with his or her ability. Thus, it is impossible to change it and cannot be controlled. Difficulties in the competition may be because of the opponentââ¬â¢s ability or external factors like weather, away games, and the crowd. This also is out of control of an individual. Motivation, on the other hand, influences performance and can be controlled. The level of success achieved by an athlete is directly influenced by motivation. An individual who is highly motivated to improve his or her performances put more effort and time necessary for performance improvement. At the beginning of any competition, motivation affects how an athlete will perform. For example, if the competition involves opponents of equal capabilities, motivation will determine the results more than the ability. Here, athletes who do not give up, perform at their best and work hard attain the best outcomes. Therefore, the fact that an individual can be active or passive by nature, indifferent or
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Different Methods Of Assessment At University Education
Introduction As an increasing number of students are studying at university level which has become a common topic for discussion today. More and more researchers pay close attention to this as well as the forms or methods of assessment. Universities across the globe have a variety of methods. Different methods of assessment accomplish distinct aims, and students should be tested with different forms of assessments according to their learning styles. This essay will discuss whether there should be greater flexibility in forms or methods of assessment at university education. The aims of education Education is the most important and effective way to help individuals develop and socially progress. People establish their own concept of theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Education has provided people with equal opportunities to appreciate and understand this world with their own thought, concerning the beauty of nature, and comprehension of past experiences, which they can analyse and find a solution. The aims of university education are to develop studentsââ¬â¢ skills for learning and assist them to immerse themselves deeply in society (Swain, 2011). Generally, people learn the basic problem-solving skills in kindergarten, but due to the expectations of the future, such as having a better quality of life, they intend to go to university to master life and job related skills. In the early stages of university, students are expected to learn the professional knowledge in the field they study in, and in the final year, university will give students opportunities to apply for the internship at popular companies or organisations. Those work experiences will have beneficial effects on the studentsââ¬â¢ career development and help them to adapt to society easier after graduation. Various forms or methods of assessment achieve different purpose 1. Traditional written assessments: Most universities use traditional written assessments as methods to evaluate studentsââ¬â¢ learning outcomes, including open-book and closed-book final exams, essays and reports. Those methods always help students gain speculative knowledge and practical skills which are necessary for them to master and promote their writing ability. As an example, open-book and
The Conception Of Morality Is Present Throughout Human...
Everette Somers Amie Zimmer PHIL 101 Essay 4 The conception of morality is present throughout human civilization. In every society, there exists a paradigm for how one should act. From a broad perspective, it seems that there are some moral principles which are ubiquitous. There are certain activities or behaviors which are believed to be objectively wrong by the majority of individuals across cultures, such as murder, lying, stealing, and betrayal. This indicates that there are virtuesââ¬ârespect for human life, honesty, loyaltyââ¬âwhich are inherent in these specific moral principles, as well as cross-cultural. Considering this, it is easy for one to submit to the notion that there is an absolute moral code which dictates human behavior. Conversely, closer inspection reveals that the moral codes of individual societies are widely variable, which makes these universal virtues difficult to recognize or seemingly irrelevant. Although it is evident that there are values which are present within all cultur es, this apparent universality is not sufficient evidence that humans possess an innate moral instinct. Hence, there is no absolute moral code which is innate, but there are moral principles which seem to be intrinsic to human society, as well as universal throughout history and across cultures. These principles are not ââ¬Å"hard-wiredâ⬠into biological systems, nor are they handed to us by a transcending source, but they arise from fundamental human nature through interaction with ourShow MoreRelatedLegal Positivism Vs. Law Of Nature1285 Words à |à 6 Pagesv. the Law of Nature Legal philosophy has changed dramatically throughout the years; many theories have evolved and are still supported to this day. Concepts such as values, morality, desires, and reason all come into play when law is defined. Law is a very difficult word to define; what exactly is it and where does it come from? To understand the idea of law, one must also understand how humans have evolved. From the beginning, humans have been forming groups for survival; either they were frightenedRead MoreAnalysis Of Jean-Jacques RousseauDiscourse On Inequality997 Words à |à 4 Pagesdetrimental to humans as well as the difference between amour propre and amour de soi when it comes to sexual desire. As stated amour de soi means love of self, but Rousseau says that has to do with a mans ââ¬Å"pre-reflective selfs self-conception and the desire it has for its own self-preservation.â⬠(Chazan, pg.342) Amour de soi is more of an instinct of ones sense of self in nature, and with this is what he believes that the ââ¬Å"natural manâ⬠encompassed. In his opinion ââ¬Å"natural manâ⬠had morality and a senseRead MoreThe Foundation of Society: Common Morals1383 Words à |à 6 Pagesperhaps the inspiration for these three rights when he expressed his idea that all people were free and equal. He wrote that man was born with the right to ââ¬Å"preserve himself, his liberty and propertyâ⬠(Locke). These codes, laws, and rights expressed throughout the ages may not be identical, but they are all based on the same basic idea that we have the freedom to do what it takes to be happy and preserve what is ours. We have the right to life. The idea of the equality of all people has become mostlyRead More The Application of Utopia in Brave New World Essay1190 Words à |à 5 Pagesillustrates the loss of morality when established standards are replaced by amoral criteria.à In his novel, Huxley criticizes the practical applications of Utopia in actual society. Huxleys depiction of love, science, and religion support the ineffectiveness of implementing Utopia in everyday life. à à à à à à In Brave New World, Huxley shows contempt for the human emotion of love.à The people that make up his imaginary society have no conception of love or any otherRead MoreCriticism of Practical Application of Utopia in Brave New World1192 Words à |à 5 PagesHuxleys Brave New World illustrates the loss of morality when established standards are replaced by amoral criteria. In his novel, Huxley criticizes the practical applications of Utopia in actual society. Huxleys depiction of love, science, and religion support the ineffectiveness of implementing Utopia in everyday life. In Brave New World, Huxley shows contempt for the human emotion of love. The people that make up his imaginary society have no conception of love or any other passion, and actuallyRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Truth And Knowledge Essay2371 Words à |à 10 PagesThere is a reoccurring theme in the history of the world that every civilization has contributed to: it is the endless pursuit of truth and knowledge. The pursuit has never been about reaching a destination or an end point, or about acquiring all the truth and knowledge there is to acquire. Men have learned early on that the universe it too vast to unearth all its mysteries. However, throughout this pursuit, men have also learned about the limitations of their own understandings, the setbacks ofRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Billy Budd1632 Words à |à 7 Pagesepitomizes the narratorââ¬â¢s conception of evil. While Melville may seem to mock religion, he mocks the narratorââ¬â¢s incorrigible rectitude, which inaccurately recounts events as well as unfoundedly adheres to Captain Vereââ¬â¢s justifications. Billy Budd emerges as the perfect sailor with a phenomenal physique and an outstanding moral code. In the narratorââ¬â¢s perception, Budd surpasses all other sailors and seems to have a supernal influence on the ship. Buddââ¬â¢s beauty radiates throughout his entire form; andRead MoreEveryman: The play1213 Words à |à 5 Pagessuch a profound word. It is a burdened, aggressive, penetrating word that replicates an actuality that every human will have to come to accept. Death is an adversary in the play that signifies physical death. The author recognizes the consequences of death and uses that knowledge to bring in the reader. In Everyman, the author portrays the character Death as a symbolic exemplification of human death and the reader sees that ââ¬Å"Deathâ⬠does not surpass anyone, it is in Godââ¬â¢s hands, and it convicts onesRead MoreMoral Code Of Self Independent And Only Trust1794 Words à |à 8 Pageshis life like a free spirit whereas Wells lives to serve o rders. He doesnââ¬â¢t take order from people. He lives up to his moral code of self-independent and only trust himself. His arrest and injury portray his failure to acknowledge the corruption of human selfish act. He learns that his fate is inevitable when his death approaches him just the same as Wells. He is certainly not going to do the same again like Wells ââ¬Å"[who is] giving up things for years to get here.â⬠Chigurh detects that since Wellsââ¬â¢Read MoreChange in American Social Values in Thomas Mertons Rain and the Rhinoceros and Fire Watch1697 Words à |à 7 Pageslife while at the same time promoting social change. Yet, his writing style strongly reflects the modernist thinkers he studied while at Columbia. The paper shall focus on the essays ââ¬Å"Rain and the Rhinocerosâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Fire Watch, July 4, 1952,â⬠and present passages from his journals. It will also draw attention from other sources other than Mertonââ¬â¢s own. Finally, it will conclude with the ideas of the author. ââ¬ËIt will talk as long as it wants, this rain.ââ¬â¢ ââ¬Å"But they must know that there is wetness
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