Flashbacks Pain and Toni Morrison free essay sample

Thoroughly considered life individuals have recollections which are called flashbacks. Flashbacks resemble jewels to individuals they might be valuable to them since they once in a while tells the family ancestry or shows how that individual grew up and what they went through In Beloved by Toni Morrison use flashbacks all through the novel. There can be stunning, high-caliber, or decent flashbacks. They are scenes that are placed in that takes in the character life back in time from the current point. In Beloved by Toni Morrison flashbacks are utilized idea out the novel yet for what reason did Toni Morrison utilize the strategy to make certain focuses in this book? Anything dead returning to life harms on page 55, this educates a ton regarding her attempting to return to life after such huge numbers of harming years. That flashback about her pregnancy is the agony she endures during it and birth of the lone kid she despite everything has. We will compose a custom exposition test on Flashbacks: Pain and Toni Morrison or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Which as of now could be tragic or a cheerful flashback. When Sethe was washing the chamomile off her legs; she started having a flashback about Sweet Home Plantation on page 6. She recalls how her milk was taken from her bosom and when she was a slave. This flashback made Sethe distraught once more and made her consider how and what she had been however. At that point she addressed for what reason did they do that to her and when she was free and murdered her child to shield her infant from carrying on with the existence she lived with such agony and hurt. When Sethe state, Thats all you let yourself recall, this shows how Sethe’s life is as yet gone head to head with her past she can’t go a second without recollecting that it as appeared with flashback. The past was harrowing and put Sethe however a great deal of torment she despite everything go however a portion of that torment however out her life when she either observe something or hear something that helped her to remember when she was a slave. Toni Morrison utilizes the flashback procedure since she needs to make her characters a more grounded constructive individual. All that Sethe had been through and how she conquers every issue made her stand like superwomen where she can with stand any and everything. Despite the fact that the characters experienced excruciating and harming things however that helped the characters by solidifying their confidence. From time to time everybody needs to go through something’s where they will have the option to support their kids and show them the family ancestry all that you needed to go through to get your family where they are today and help another person with the flashback by disclosing to them how it made you a superior individual how it can enable them to conquer what they are going through.

Tax on Producers and Consumers

Question 1 Figure 1. 1-An assessment on Producers an) I) Equilibrium Price and Quantity before charge: 100-10Q = 20 +10Q ? 20Q = 80 ? Q = 4 When Q = 4, P = 60 ? Balance value approaches $60 and balance amount is 4 million ii) Consumer Surplus = ? x 4 x 40 = 80 Producer Surplus = ? x 4 x 40 = 80 iii) A productive market happens when complete excess is boosted. This balance of P = 60 and Q = 4 has expanded buyer and maker surplus similarly. It is now where the minor expense of creation rises to minimal benefit.Question 1 cont. b) I) After impressive a duty of $20, being required on the makers, the cost paid by purchasers is $70 and the cost got by merchants is $50 per unit of cell phones sold at the decreased amount provided of 3 million. This is represented in figure 1. 1 with the move in the gracefully bend from S1 to S2. ii) Consumer Surplus = ? x 3 x 30 = 45 Producer Surplus = ? x 3 x 30 = 45 iii) There is a lessening in the all out overflow after the execution of a duty on versati le phones.A significant bit of the absolute excess has been redistributed to government charge income, in any case, there is a deadweight misfortune. Minimal social advantages surpass negligible social expenses, bringing about wasteful aspects inside the market for cell phones. c) Expected Total Revenue = 3 x 20 = $60 million Expected Deadweight Loss = 2 ( ? x 1 x 10 ) = $10 million d) The dispersion of genuine rate is the measure of weight of an expense shared between the purchaser and dealer. This proposed charge shares the weight of the $20 similarly among purchasers and sellers.The circulation of genuine occurrence on purchasers is a $10 ascend in the cost paid on dealers is the $10 decline in cost got for every cell phone. e) Elasticity of Demand = Ave. P x ? Q Ave. Q ? P = 65 x (- 1) 3. 5 10 = - 1. 857142857 ? Flexibility of Demand rises to 1. 857 The Elasticity of interest is more noteworthy than one which implies the interest for cell phones is flexible. The rate decline in the amount requested surpasses the rate increment in cost. This expense would mean as there is a 1% expansion in value there is a 1. 57% diminishing in amount. There is additionally an abatement in the all out income as the cost increments. Question 2 |â |Printer |Kilogram of Rice | |Thailand |100 |5 | |India |90 |3 | Figure 2. †Thailand’s Production Possibility Frontier Figure 2. 2-India’s Production Possibility Frontier Question 2 cont. |â |Printer |Kilogram of Rice | |Thailand |36 |1080 | |India |40 |1800 | c) Points found in Figure 2. also, Figure 2. 2 d) †Thailand’s opportunity cost of delivering 1 printer is 20kgs of Rice †Thailand’s opportunity cost of creating 1 Kg of rice is 1/twentieth of a printer †India’s opportunity cost of creating 1 printer is 30kgs of rice †India’s opportunity cost of creating 1kg of rice is 1/30th of a printer Thailand ought to work in the creation of printers as it has a higher relative bit of leeway. This has been accomplished as there is a lower opportunity cost in the creation of printers in Thailand contrasted with India.  |Printer |Kilogram of Rice | |Thailand |90 |0 | |India |0 |3000 | Specialization has lead to an expansion in the consolidated yield for the two nations. Thailand has expanded its printer yield by 54 and India has expanded rice yield by 1200kgs. ) Consumption pack after exchange |â |Printer |Kilogram of Rice | |Thailand |42 |1200 | |India |48 |1800 | Consumption focuses after exchange for nations Thailand and India are marked â€Å"H† and â€Å"N† in Figure 2. 1 and Figure 2. 2 separately. Exchange has profited to both countries.Thailand has expanded their utilization pack with an expansion in kilograms of rice from 1080 to 1200 and expanded its PCs from 36 to 42. India has expanded their utilization pack with their expansion in printers from 40 to 48. Question 3 Figure 3. 1-Nuclear Electricity Market a) The harmony point e1 is impacted by wasteful results of an endowment. The appropriation realizes overproduction, spoke to by the amount Q1. This overproduction brings down the cost, or private expenses of the tidy up for the organization. Peripheral expenses are expanded as the higher creation powers wasteful asset designation. ) If the endowment is expelled there will be a general increment in the effectiveness inside this market. The gracefully will diminish, outlined in Figure 3. 1 with the leftward move in the gracefully bend from S1 to S2. The private expense of atomic vitality creation would mirror the genuine expense of creation, including fiasco clean-ups. The expansion in cost can likewise be found in Figure 3. 1 with the cost from P1 to P2. There would be an ensuing decline in the amount of atomic vitality and stop the wasteful overproduction and use of constrained assets. ) If the administration forces a protection demand charge on the force organization the expense of an atomic tid y up will be higher than the expense with a tidy up appropriation however will be lower than costs brought about if the force organization needed to assimilate the whole money related weight. The protection duty would make another gracefully bend, delineated in Figure 3. 1 with S3, as the scaled down expense of a tidy up takes into account more noteworthy atomic vitality creation at a lower cost. The amount increment is seen with the development from Q2 to Q3 and the lessening in cost of creation is seen with the development from P2 to P3. Question 3 cont. ) The three balances accomplished change in the weight sharing and effectiveness of an endowment, an assessment and no mediation in the atomic vitality showcase. Government intercession with the tidy up sponsorship (spoke to with e1) decreases private expenses of creation and tidy up. This achieves wasteful aspects as the genuine expense of creation, including clean-ups after fiascos, isn't reflected in cost of P1. The diminished expense in this situation likewise prompts overproduction and a wasteful amount of Q1 provided. The most effective market where minor social advantages equivalent peripheral social expenses is appeared at the harmony point e2.The genuine expense of creation including negative externalities is meant and there is an ensuing increment in cost, as the organization gives expenses to customers, with the expulsion of a tidy up endowment (seen with the expansion from P1 to P2). The expansion in value prompts an abatement in the amount of atomic vitality requested and a leftward move in the gracefully bend from S1 to S2. The inconvenience of a protection demand has diminished the cost of an atomic catastrophe tidy up as the force organization is presently soothed of part of the whole budgetary weights. This reduction in the cost of a tidy up is found in Figure 3. with the reduction in cost from P2 to P3. There is an expansion in amount requested, seen with the expansion from Q2 to Q3 and the re is an expansion in the flexibly of atomic vitality creation. This new harmony e3 isn't the most proficient point in the atomic creation showcase yet takes into account an expansion sought after of the most savvy vitality age The point e3 would be generally gainful to society as there is an increment in efficiencies with the evacuation of an administration tidy up sponsorship yet the force organization doesn’t wear the whole money related weights of further atomic calamity clean-ups.There is an expansion in the cost of atomic creation, be that as it may, this point P3 Q3 speaks to a more pleasant and more practical method of lessening the expenses of future atomic catastrophes as less obligation has fallen on the makers of this vitality. Question 4 a) Figure 4. 1 iii) A populace diminishing will diminish the interest of this sub-par great. This is shown in Figure 4. 1 with the interest bend moving to one side from D1 to D2. An expansion in the profitability expands the yiel d amount utilizing a similar measure of input.This increment in gracefully is seen with the flexibly bend move to one side from S1 to S2. The consolidated decline sought after and increment in gracefully has discounted the cost of this great from P1 to P2. Another balance, e2, has been framed at the focuses P2 Q2. Question 4 cont. b) Figure 4. 2 iii) As earnings increment the utilization of substandard products decline. This reduction popular is appeared in Figure 4. 2 with the interest bend moving to one side from D1 to D2 to frame the amount requested Q2. The expanded cost of sources of info and thusly creation costs has decreased the creation productivity.This loss of efficiency is represented through the leftward move of the gracefully bend from S1 to S2. Another balance has been framed at the focuses P2 Q2. Question 4 cont. c) Figure 4. 3 iii) The interest for second rate merchandise increments as livelihoods decline. This expansion popular is represented in Figure 4. 3 with th e rightward move of the interest bend from D1 to D2 and the amount requested increment from Q1 to Q2. As the quantity of firms in the market decline the value seriousness impact debilitates. Less rivalry takes into consideration an expansion in the cost, found in the move from P1 to P2.The joined impact of an increment in amount requested (Q1 to Q2) and increment in value (P1 to P2) has shaped another harmony point, e2 (P2, Q2), with the move in the interest bend to one side. Question 4 cont. d) Figure 4. 4 iii) There is a reduction sought after of the mediocre great as the purchaser inclination for this great decline. The item is utilized along with a supplement item. An expansion in the cost of a supplement item will likewise diminish the interest of the substandard great. This reduction popular is outlined in Figure 4. with the change from Q1 to Q2 and the move of the interest bend to one side from D1 to D2. This makes another harmony point e2 at the focuses P2 Q2. Question 4 con t. e) Figure 4. 5 iii) The expanded cost of a substitute in utilization builds the interest of the second rate great, showed in Figure 4. 5 with the interest bend move to one side from D1 to D2. The flexibly amount of the mediocre item will decr

Physical Anthropology-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about the Anatomical changes that are required for the progress to Bipedalism. Answer: Bipedalism is where it clarifies the qualities of current people that have experienced the procedure of development throughout the years. It attempts to recognize the proof of the procedure in the fossil that assists with deciding the weight that the people have confronted that has constrained them to achieve the procedure of development. There can be number of elements that affect the procedure of advancement of individual. These elements are being broke down by bipedalism (White et al., 2015). Bipedalism alludes to development, among different quantities of species there are not very many who can stroll on two legs. There are some particular varieties who practice this procedure which will be which is known as facultative bipedalism. There are times when octopus strolls on their hands or practice bipedalism which is brief in nature. In this procedure they put their six legs over their head and stroll on rest of the two. They utilize this procedure so as to cover themselves (Barrett Maidment, 2017). Routine bipedalism which is otherwise called commit bipedalism is an uncommon attributes methods for transportation. There are not many species that are available at the present time who practice ongoing bipedalism. The species that training routine bipedalism incorporates people and kangaroos. This species show qualities where the species have utilized bipedalism yet they hold the arboreal conduct. Around a great many long periods of prior there was an enormous change in the climatic state of earth where there was a huge drop in temperature. During this period there was a monstrous decrease in ocean level, which brought about difference in ocean level. There was a shortage of water which brought about decrease of woodland which evaporated soon subsequently there was a development of forest and plain region (Dunbar et al., 2014). Broad investigation has made a determination that the predecessors of people used to live in a living space which was comprised of wood. The examination have likewise indicated that there were some early bipedal highlights which were held by people, for example, long arms which were utilized by our precursors to climb trees while living in the forest. The DNA proof shows the verification that the individuals and the chimps share a similar DNA attributes. This comprehension has and will help later on during the time spent investigation of the advancement in the individuals (Granatosky, Tripp Schmitt, 2016). Social changes may go with these physical changes In spite of the fact that bipedalism isn't viewed as the best or the best structure for the situation of type of running just as strolling however it carries a various positive alternatives, which can contribute hugely towards strolling. It is as yet uncertain from the investigation why our progenitors experienced and development and why they embraced bipedalism type of strolling (Zeininger, Shapiro Raichlen, 2017). Theory shows that the bipedalism can convey the food and different things to a more extended separation which is the liberating of forelimbs for searching, instrument use, or assurance; moving more vitality productively than different types of primate quadrupedalism; and the advancement of significant distance running (Ingham et al., 2017). Bipedalism can without much of a stretch cool their internal heat level which is known as thermoregulation. In spite of an absence of accord about the roots of bipedalism, numerous if not the vast majority of these proposed theories are not totally unrelated. A blend of various choice weights may have been liable for driving bipedal development (Langdon, 2016). The physical changes that happens because of the progress from Quadrupedalism to Bipedalism. Feet In this progress of bipedalism, the human feet have enormous and broadened feet. The feet being enormous assistance to hold up under the measure of weight of the human body. The feet of the human assists with going about as a stage in supporting the whole body weight .The people currently have legitimate toes and feet which are littler than their bipedal predecessors. This incorporates a non-opposablehallux, which is migrated in accordance with different toes (Machnicki et al., 2016). When the non-human primates walk upstanding, the heaviness of the impact point is transmitted to the foot and afterward along the outside of the foot lastly it is reached to the huge toe. Appendages There is an expansion in the length of the leg when there was a change from quadrupedalism to bipedalism and there has been an upheaval and it has been seen that the leg muscles is worked in upstanding walk. In people the push for strolling originates from the leg muscles which are acting at the lower leg. The more drawn out the leg, which permits the use of the leg and the muscle of the appendage have characteristic swing while at the same time strolling. The consequence of which is that the human forelimb are not required for the motion and it is utilized for holding or conveying or controlling items with extraordinary exactness (Osborn,2013). The chimps which used to exist numerous years back could remain on the rear appendages however they can't be do it for a more extended timeframe. The femurs are not adjusted for the bipedalism.The gorillas have the vertical femurs however the people have the femurs are calculated in the medium situation from the hip to the knee. The knees are held nearer together and under the bodys focus of gravity. Skull The human skull is that segment of the body which is adjusted and it has a vertebral coloumn.The foramen magnum which is supposed to be poorly situated under the skull. This encourages the human body to stand upstanding; this puts the entire load of the head behind the spinal rope. The human face helps in the keeping up of the occipital condyles (Pontzer, 2017). The muscles of the human brow, helps the human in their appearance. The size of the mind is likewise noteworthy and assists with expanding the cerebrum size. The change occurred around 2.4 million years where current degree of the cerebrum size couldn't be achieved till 500000 years. The life systems in human shows that the cerebrums are very bigger than that of the ordinary size(Pontzer, Raichlen Rodman, 2014). Spinal Column It is critical to keep up the equalization in the middle of two legs.The vertebral or the spinal sections of the human is twist in the forward or the lumbar district or a regressive curve in the thoracic (upper) locale. The lumbar spine encourages the body to be straight and it necessitates that the more the solid exertion for bipedal creatures. The human body inclines forward and they utilize less solid endeavors, in order to stand or walk straight and upstanding. Along these lines it is crafted by both the lumbar and the thoracic bends which carries the bends of the body to the focal point of gravity legitimately over the feet. The body of the people is slanted in such a manner the body erection is fundamentally littler with the goal that it can moderate the vitality Pelvis Today in the quadruped, the focal point of the gravity in people is situated close to the middle. Consequently it is close to the focal point of which the pelvis is found. At the point when the person is strolling then it gravity shifts from one side of the pelvis to the opposite side. The biepedalism needs extraordinary adaption and the gluteal muscle is distinctive in bipedal human and quad primates. Today the people have exceptionally huge hips and which have bigger pelvic joints (Tardieu, Hasegawa Haeusler, 2017) References Barrett, P. M., Maidment, S. C. (2017). The development of ornithischian quadrupedality.Journal of Iberian Geology, 1-15. Dunbar, R. I. M., Lehmann, J., Korstjens, A. J., Gowlett, J. A. J. (2014). The way to present day people: time financial plans, splitting combination sociality, family relationship and the division of work in hominin evolution.Lucy to language: The benchmark papers, 333-355. Granatosky, M. C., Tripp, C. H., Schmitt, D. (2016). Walk energy of above-and underneath branch quadrupedal velocity in lemurid primates.Journal of Experimental Biology,219(1), 53-63. Ingham, S. J. M., de Carvalho, R. T., Abdalla, R. J., Fu, F. H., Lovejoy, C. O. (2017). Hard Morphology: Comparative Anatomy and its Importance for the Anterior Cruciate Ligament.Operative Techniques in Orthopedics. Langdon, J. H. (2016). Contextual analysis 9. Perusing the Bones (1): Recognizing Bipedalism. InThe Science of Human Evolution(pp. 67-73). Springer International Publishing. Machnicki, A. L., Spurlock, L. B., Strier, K. B., Reno, P. L., Lovejoy, C. O. (2016). First steps of bipedality in quite a while: proof from the atelid and proconsulid pelvis.PeerJ,4, e1521. Osborn, M. L. (2013).The Shoulder suspension of bipedal people and the head suspension of quadrupedal felines: a reproduction of macroevolutionary changes of complex frameworks dependent on common trials, relative life systems, and biomechanical examinations of surviving organisms(Doctoral paper). Pontzer, H. (2017). Economy and Endurance in Human Evolution.Current Biology,27(12), R613-R621. Pontzer, H., Raichlen, D. A., Rodman, P. S. (2014). Bipedal and quadrupedal movement in chimpanzees.Journal of human evolution,66, 64-82. Tardieu, C., Hasegawa, K., Haeusler, M. (2017). How Did the Pelvis and Vertebral Column Become a Functional Unit during the Transition from Occasional to Permanent Bipedalism?.The Anatomical Record,300(5), 912-931. White, T. D., Lovejoy, C. O., Asfaw, B., Carlson, J. P., Suwa, G. (2015). Neither chimpanzee nor human, Ardipithecus uncovers the astonishing family line of both.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,112(16), 4877-4884. Zeininger, A., Shapiro, L. J., Raichlen, D. A. (2017). Ontogenetic changes in appendage stances and their effect on successful appendage length in mandrills (Papio cynocephalus).American Journal of Physical Anthropology,163(2), 231-241.

Economical History (Macroeconomics) of South Africa Essay

Affordable History (Macroeconomics) of South Africa - Essay Example Despite the fact that the nation isn't blessed by the gods with great cultivating land, it sends out items like sugar stick, wheat and corn. Ranchers additionally raise sheep, dairy cattle and pigs for food and different items (Ross, 2008). Until the world money related that influenced the nation in 2008, the nation monetary advancement has been steady and momentous. For instance from the diagram, south Africa GDP rose by 3.7% in 2002. This has been credited to the favorable condition which won because of ceaseless financial development. The economy has been improving since the appropriation of majority rule government (Feinstein, 2005). In 2003, the GDP expanded to 4.9%. This was because of macroeconomics changes that were started by the administration. These changes supported intensity in this manner upgrading the advancement of the economy. The execution of these changes made openings for work in the nation in this manner opening South Africa to the worldwide markets (Feinstein, 2005). Crumbling in the nation economy, has prompted spending lopsidedness in South Africa. The circumstance has been improving, and in 2005, the shortages dropped drastically to 0.5% of the all out GDP. This can connected to the administration strategies to diminish charges, cut levies and checking swelling. Every one of these measures permitted a casual trade control in the nation (Feinstein, 2005). This has prompted the improvement of an unshakable macroeconomic structure that has seen the decrease in the financial plans deficiencies to its most minimal in 2005. Gross domestic product declined in 2008, subsequently causing financial downturn in the entire nation. The fundamental driver of this was the worldwide monetary emergency that influenced the nation. The emergency tremendously affected the global market. South Africa send out diminished as the worldwide market weakened because of this emergency (Ross, 2008).As an outcome; this prompted fast decrease in the country’s GDP. Conversion scale for the most part influences the economy of a given nation by changing the cost of trading with other

Compulsion Symptom in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Compulsion Symptom in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder OCD Print Compulsions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) By Marla Deibler, PsyD facebook twitter Marla W. Deibler, PsyD, MSCP, is a licensed clinical psychologist and nationally-recognized expert in anxiety disorders and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Marla Deibler, PsyD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on January 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 24, 2020 Sean Justice / Getty Images More in OCD Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Types Living With OCD Related Conditions Compulsions are one of the two primary symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, a psychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1.2% of adults in the United States in a given year.?? A compulsion is a repetitive behavior or mental act that a person with OCD is driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigidly applied rules (which are often used to help manage feelings of anxiety or distress). Compulsions vs. Habits Not all repeated behaviors and routines are compulsions. Many people follow a familiar pattern or routine when getting ready for bed at night, for example, or they may perform other self-care tasks, such as showering, in a specific order. These tendencies, or habits, can occur subconsciously, and habits can serve a positive purpose in daily functioning. Habits are considered to be within the range of “normal” human behavior.?? Similarly, just because someone is particularly orderly and feels good about keeping their living environment tidy does not mean they are OCD or have OCD. Neatness is a personality trait or aesthetic preference; obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental illness. With OCD, compulsions are time-consuming and accompanied by significant emotional distress.?? The behaviors are typically carried out for two reasons: To neutralize or reduce the anxiety, disgust, or distressTo minimize or prevent the perceived risk/feared outcome associated with an obsession Why Ignoring Obsessions Can Make OCD Worse For example, a person with OCD might perform compulsive behaviors because they feel that something bad will happen if they do not. Performing the compulsion can also be a way for a person with OCD to quiet recurrent, persistent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause significant anxiety or distress. Compulsions are often driven by internal tension and a sense that the behaviors must be carried out in a particular order such that it feels “just right.” Common Compulsions The experience of OCD is different for everyone with the condition, but there are several types of compulsive behaviors that are common.?? Washing and Cleaning Compulsive behaviors related to cleanliness are often in response to obsessions about germs and contamination. Examples of these behaviors include hand washing or washing another part of the body in a certain way; excessive use of sanitizers, soaps, and other cleaning agents; excessive grooming and toileting routines; excessive cleaning of objects or items in the environment; and any other behaviors aimed at removing germs/dirt/contamination. Checking Checking behaviors are those that are carried out to provide reassurance that one did not or will not harm oneself or others. People with OCD may also perform these compulsions to reassure or ensure that they not make a mistake or do something perceived as unethical or immoral. Sometimes people with OCD find that checking behaviors help them ensure nothing bad has happened or will happen, for example, regarding the health and safety of themselves and others. Mental Rituals People with mental compulsions may spend a great deal of time thinking through something for clarification or attempting to figure out or better understand. They may perseverate on past events, mentally review communication, pray to prevent harm, or count in a specific way or to a specific number. Sometimes, people will verbalize (aloud or in their mind) a specific word or phrase that feels “good” to replace or fix something that feels “bad or imagine a “good” image to replace a “bad” image. Repetition Compulsions that must be done over and over again can involve re-reading, re-writing, or repeating routine actions/activities, repeating body movements, or carrying out any other action a certain number of times. Need to Tell People with OCD may have obsessions and related compulsions about lying. To address the anxiety these obsessions cause, they may be compelled to tell or confess, in detail, even innocuous information. They may use statements of uncertainty like maybe instead of a more definitive yes or no to ensure that they are accurate and have not inadvertently lied (for example, if they later change their mind about something). Rituals Surrounding Morality Ethics Some people with OCD are focused on morals or ethical standards. They may carry out excessively rigid behaviors to live according to specific values (such as practices around religion, environmental concerns, health, and wellness). “Just Right / Tourettic / Tic-Related Compulsions Just right compulsions can involve counting, symmetry or evening up, arranging, ordering, positioning, touching, and tapping. There may be no elaborate obsession or feared outcome that drives this behavior. Sometimes its an intense somatic and/or psychological tension or discomfortâ€"often described as something feeling incomplete or “not right”â€"which is relieved by performing the behavior. Ordering or arranging objects or items until it feels “right is another facet of these compulsions. Avoidance People with OCD may avoid any anxiety-provoking stimuli associated with an obsession to minimize harm and decrease anxiety or distress. Can OCD Obsessions and Compulsions Change Over Time? Diagnostic Criteria for OCD The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), outlines diagnostic criteria for “Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders.?? To be diagnosed with OCD, a person must meet the following criteria: The presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both.The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming (e.g., take more than 1 hour per day) or cause significant distress or impairment in one’s daily functioning.The symptoms are not better accounted for by the physiological effects of a substance, medical condition, or other mental disorder. Obsessions are defined as: Recurrent, persistent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety or distressAttempts to ignore or suppress obsessions or neutralize them by performing a compulsion Compulsions are defined as: Repetitive behaviors or mental acts an individual is driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rigidly applied rulesBehaviors or mental acts are aimed at reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing a feared outcome; however, they are clearly excessive or not connected in a realistic way to that which they are intended to address How OCD Is Diagnosed Its not uncommon for a person with OCD to have good insight. They may express an understanding of the unreasonableness of the behaviors, yet the very definition of compulsion is that even with the awareness that their behavior is extreme, the person feels unable to stop.?? When someone has poor insight, the symptoms can appear more like delusions. Its important that mental health professionals differentiate between symptoms of OCD and those of disorders such as schizophrenia. Sometimes, the symptoms of OCD are related to tics, especially if a person has a history of a tic disorder (such as Tourette syndrome). A Word From Verywell People with OCD may feel compelled to perform certain actions or behaviors, both internal and external, to minimize anxiety, fear, or other intense emotions. The drive to perform these behaviors can be distressing, as the person may be aware that they are extreme, but feels unable to stop. If someone has symptoms of OCD, a doctor or mental health professional can use a specific set of criteria to diagnose the condition, which is the first step toward treatment. The symptoms of OCD, including compulsions, can be difficult to live with, but the condition can be managed with a combination of therapy, medication, and behavior modification. There are also in-person and online support communities that can be safe spaces, provide reliable information, and help people with OCD connect with resources. Self-Help Strategies for Living With OCD

Childhood obesity in the United States - 1100 Words

Childhood obesity in the United States (Research Paper Sample) Content: Childhood Obesity in the U.S Students Name: Institutional Affiliation: Thesis The major issues to be addressed by this paper include; the definition of child obesity. The Methods the research will employ in acquiring data on childhood obesity. The causes of childhood obesity. The likely symptoms by which parents or guardians can identify that their child is obese and thus taken the recommended action. The health effects of obesity in children both the long-term and short-term effects. The measures that can be undertaken to prevent and treat childhood obesity (Franks et al, 2010).A summary on what I recommend should be done based on the findings of the research I carried out. History Childhood obesity is a medical condition. It affects children and adolescents; this is representative of the age group between 5 to16. Obesity is the accumulation of fatty acids in the child’s body as compared to lean body mass. When a child’s weight is above t he recommended weight for that age group or his height; this is when it is compared to a standard weight determined using the body mass index.BMI refers to a mathematical formula used by the center of disease control so as to ascertain the standard weight for each age group. This formula divides the individual’s weight in pounds by the square of his height (Waters et al, 2011). The result is then multiplied by 703, and the result is the BMI. This is then plotted on a chart known as the BMI for age and gender specific growth chart. By this, they can determine an individual as either overweight that refer to increased body weight as compared to height or as obese. Above the 95th percentile on the chart indicates obesity for either gender or age and between 85th to the 95th percentile indicate that an individual is overweight (Yaqubi, 2011). There has been a constant increase in the cases of childhood obesity since the year 1980.The figures indicate that the numbers increased fr om 7% to!2%in 2012 this is among the children. The Same observation has been made by the adolescents who are obese with their number increasing 5% to 21% in 2012.It sad but a fact that we all have to contend with that more than 33.3% of all children and adolescents were either overweight or obese in the year 2012.The last fifty years have seen the cases of obesity among children more than doubled. It is also sad to note that despite the fact that obesity is very easy to detect it passes the notice of any people; with at least thirty percent of all cases of obesity among adults being attributed to childhood obesity (Yaqubi, 2011).Obesity have become an epidemic and one that needs urgent measures to control. It’s the cause of at least 300000 adult deaths each year and costs the society at least 100 billion dollars each year in the maintenance of obese related conditions. Obesity as a medical condition does not kill by itself rather it creates an environment in which an individu al is susceptible to other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, stroke, diabetes, and dementia. It ranks among the deadliest medical conditions in the world (Waters et al, 2011). The causes of obesity according to the research conducted included; genetics, poor eating habits and patterns, lack of exercise or inactivity, nutrition-related issues, family factors, socio-economic factors, hormonal imbalance and resistance, availability of food, food addiction, aggressive advertising of products for children, lack of proper information, certain prescription drugs and pressures in the family. This is some of the findings discovered in this research that contribute to childhood obesity (Yaqubi, 2011). The first problem leading to obesity is Inactivity. It is a primary cause of obesity is as a result of the various conveniences that have come about as a result of modernization. This includes vehicles for transportation thus no walking to school or to the mall, junk food stores all over thus increasing the temptation of indulging in their intake (Anderson & Butcher, 2006). Televisions, video games, and the computer have replaced physical exercise as the only exercise the children prefer. This is worsened by the fact that there are remote controls meaning a child can do all that he needs from the comfort of his seat. This coupled with the fact that while seated he will probably be enjoying snack results in excess calories in the Childs body. Things have become too easy in America as compared to other countries, and this has impacted the American child heath negatively. Physical exercise has been totally neglected or ranks last in the priority of things to do thus increase in obese cases (Waters et al, 2011). Another major problematic area or cause is a poor choice of foods. We are all familiar that a balanced diet needs to contain proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, roughage, water and minerals but achieving this in the daily consumption routine becomes a bi t hard. This has also been worsened by the advent of processed foods that are preferred due to the busy routines in families and their ease in preparation. These processed foods contain salts such as saturated fats, sodium and high fructose com syrup this and many more are harmful to the healthy development of the child. Eating fast foods in restaurants is ideal because preparing an ordinary meal at home is cumbersome and takes a lot of time to cook, thus eating of unbalanced foods is opted for in many American families (Yaqubi, 2011). These fast foods that are a hot favorite with the young generation are high in sodium and fats that in large amount lead to overweight and subsequent obesity. The third problematic area leading to obesity is genetic disposition of a child may also determine whether he will be obese or not. Genetics influences where fats may accumulate in the body and at what rate it is stored in the body. It is a common fact that is a child had obese parents then he i s more than likely to become obese. Genetics has also been responsible...

The Effects Of Verbal Abuse During Childhood On Adult...

Effects of Verbal Abuse During Childhood on Adult Behavior Raquel Rodriguez Bloomfield College Page Break Abstract This study examined the effects of growing up with verbal abuse on adult behavior. Forty one Bloomfield college students were given surveys to fill out that asked them to rate their childhood experiences regarding verbal abuse, and their behavior on a 1 to 5 scale (from never to frequently). We predicted that people who were verbally abused during their childhood, had an aggressive demeanor in adulthood. According to our research, we discovered that participants who reported they acted aggressively and got into altercations were verbally abused during their childhood or witnessed someone being verbally abused. Page Break Effects of Verbal Abuse During Childhood on Adult Behavior When most people think of abuse they think of something physical. Verbal abuse is a serious issue that not enough attention is paid to it. To be verbally abused means being attacked with words that injure an individual, word that cause someone to believe false statements of themselves. The aim for this study was to find a relationship between verbal abuse during childhood and adult behavior. Previous research suggest that individuals who’ve experienced verbal abuse during their childhood suffered behavioral issues. Researchers have found a relationship between verbal abuse and bipolar disorder. Many findings shown how physical and sexual abuse cause bipolarShow MoreRelatedChildhood Abuse And Child Abuse1003 Words   |  5 PagesChild abuse is a topic that not many feel comfortable discussing. It goes to reason then, that the abuse one has faced during their childhood is a topic that is also rarely discussed. When a person brings up the situations in which they had been abused as a child, many people will uncomfortably change the subject while giving their condolences. However, childhood abuse can greatly affect future of the adults who have suffered it. Abuse is defined by the Oxford Dictionary (2017) as: cruel and violentRead MoreThe Psychological Effects of Child Abuse731 Words   |  3 PagesPsychological Effects of Child Abuse A recent study has found that five children die daily, due to abuse and neglect. According to the World Health Organization, â€Å"Studies show that psychiatric disorders and suicidal behavior are side effects of violence towards infants and younger children. Some of damaging behavior caused by abuse includes the following: Depression, alcohol and drug abuse, smoking, anxiety disorders, aggression and violence towards others, risky sexual behaviors and post-traumaticRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Childhood Abuse1562 Words   |  7 Pages Childhood experiences and attachments are crucial to our emotional development. Children around this country are abused and neglected every second. â€Å"Childhood maltreatment also represents a serious public health concern, with an estimated 3.3 million referrals to child protective agencies for suspected child maltreatment in 2005† (Bentley Widom, 2009). Those children who are abused eventually become adults whom suffered from childhood trauma. Although a trauma may be considered to be in the pastRead MoreThere Are Many Different Forms Of Child Sexual Abuse. Sexual1436 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many different forms of child sexual abuse. Sexual abuse can be perpetrated by a relative or a stranger. But the most common of sexual abuse is committed by a beloved relative. Ratican (1992) defines childhood sexual abuse is a sexual act performed over and over between an adult and child (1992). The effects of childhood sexual abuse can last into adulthood and effect the way that a person thinks or their outlook of life. The effect of this act has a negative impact on the psychologicalRead MoreEssay on Child Abuse and Neglect1710 Words   |  7 Pagesbiblical times. During recent years child maltreatment has had an increase in the publics eye. There are many factors to child maltreatment. There are four general categories of child maltreatment now recognized. They are physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect and emotional maltreatment. Each category, in turn, covers a range of behavior. The maltreatment of children not only affects the children themselves, but also affects the family by making it dysfunctional. Physical Abuse   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  PhysicalRead MoreDomestic Violence And Its Effects On Women1599 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant social issue because it negatively affects both the abuser and the victim. In the article, â€Å"Domestic Violence and Abuse: Types, Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Effects,† the authors, Benedictis, Jaffe, and Segal, claim that, â€Å"Domestic abuse is not a result of losing control; domestic abuse is intentionally trying to control another person. The abuser is purposefully using verbal, nonverbal, or physical means to gain control over the other person† (Benedictis, Jaffe, Segal 1). Desiring control overRead MoreEmotional Trauma Within The Family1568 Words   |  7 Pages Emotional Trauma within the Family Parental substance abuse directly affects the emotional well-being of children within the family. It is estimated that one in four children in the United States are exposed to a family member’s alcohol abuse or dependence, and one in six children lives with a parent who has used illicit drugs in the past year (Journal of Child and Family Social Work). Children exposed to parental substance abuse are at an increased risk for various problems such as, emotionalRead MoreAccording To Federal Law Child Abuse Is Deemed As Any Type1327 Words   |  6 Pages According to federal law child abuse is deemed as any type of current act or failure to act upon on the part of a parent or caretaker which can result in death, serious physical or emotional pain, sexually explicit abuse or exploitation or an action or failure of an action in which anything presents an imminent risk of serious harm. According to the journal of Family Violence every year 3.3 to 10 million children endure and witness abuse and violence in their homes. Research also shows that evenRead MoreA Report On An Acute Crisis Stabilization Unit1309 Words   |  6 Pages1) re-experiencing, which can manifest itself as nightmares, flashbacks, or reactivity; 2) avoidance, which can present itself as denial, refusal to answer questions, social withdrawal, and even substance abuse; and 3) hyperarousal, which can take the form of irritability, insomnia, and verbal aggression. Avoidance can shield patients from experiencing shame, minimize emotional arousal, preserve self-esteem, and offer a sense of safety. Unfortunately, it can also hamper the healthy resolution ofRead More Sexuality962 Words   |  4 Pagesand interactions that are defining features of romantic intimacy. (Fering 2009) Child sexual abuse (CSA) is defined in the International Encyclopedia of the Social Behavioral Sciences as any [sexual] action that is inflicted upon or must be tolerated by a child against their own will or any [sexual] action about which the child cannot make a decision due to their physical, emotional, mental, and verbal inferiority. Statistics for the prevalence of CSA range from anywhere from 15 to 25 percent

Marilyn Monroe s Fight Against Mental Disorder - 1468 Words

Marilyn Monroe’s Fight Against a Mental Disorder One of the most famous and iconic women in history, known by the name of Marilyn Monroe, lived a life of a star in the views of thousands of fans. From her beauty to her beautiful, bubbly personality, and the fame she acquired through movies and photographs might be the world to many, but for Marilyn it was worthless. Her exterior expressed happiness and pure bliss in front of the cameras, but nobody seem to pay attention to what was going on in her head much less her mental wellbeing. Her mental problems escalated with time and lead to her untimely death at the age of thirty-six (Bingaman, 2012). The news of her death shocked many, but more over the fact that she killed herself with an overdose (â€Å"A psychological†, 2014). During this time, therapeutic interventions used during her time were ill-conceived and implemented, which in a different setting could have possibly saved her life (Doll, 2007). After her death, in formation about her early life gave a sign that Marilyn Monroe had a predisposition to a mental disorder, which only worsen over time expressed in her inability to have a normal-stable life. Marilyn Monroe was born as Norma Jeane Mortenson on June 1, 1926, by her mother Gladys Pearl Baker (Doll, 2007). Norma Jeane began her life without her father as he disappeared before her birth (Doll, 2007). The unfortunate events of Norma Jeane began when she was placed in a foster home after her mother wasShow MoreRelatedDorothy Dandridge : African American Woman1979 Words   |  8 Pagestime, the early 1930’s through the 1960’s, that was saying something. Racism was a lot worse then what it is now, but it made it harder for African Americans to achieve their goals, especially African American women. Dorothy was very worth looking up to now and when she was alive. Dorothy Dandridge is a contribution to African American history because she was the first African American woman to be nominated for an Academy Award for best actress, how she fought all odds against her, mainly racismRead MoreBeauty and the Media2805 Words   |  12 PagesFifty years ago, the ideal woman was slightly plump, big-breasted, and rosy. In fact, the dominant ideal of female beauty was exemplified by Marilyn Monroe- hardly your androgynous, athletic, adolescent type. At the peak of her popularity, Monroe was often described as ‘femininity incarnate, ‘femaleness embodied (Susan Bordo 127). Marilyn Monroe was the 1950s ideal woman. She did not feel the need to maintain a child-like appearance or be overly athletic like we feel the need to be today. When sheRead MoreViolence And Sexual Content And The Media2947 Words   |  12 Pagescontinue to influence change well into the early 1900’s. During in 1914- 1918 World War 1 propaganda started censorship and had more technology. Then in 1923 Time Magazine made a debut and ATT was able to link two radio stations making the first network. 1950’s was called the â€Å"Golden Age of Television† and television shows such as â€Å"I Love Lucy† and the Andy Griffith show appeared on TV. In 1953 Playboy magazine was introduced with Marilyn Monroe as the first centerfold. As time moved on you was ableRead More Anorexia Essay3393 Words   |  14 Pageslife. Body image obsession, self-devotion, attention grabbing, selfishness, are all attributes which keenly describe anorexia in the eyes of the media and most hospital institutions. It is that view point which affect modern societies view eating disorders, and anorexia in particular. Examples can be found in the recent attention paid towards anorexia, most of this well deserved attention, however, is not positive. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesand permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle Rive r, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturersRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesCongress Subject Headings: Principles and Application, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library and Information Center Collections, Fifth Edition G. Edward Evans and Margaret Zarnosky Saponaro Metadata and Its Impact on Libraries Sheila S. Intner, Susan S. Lazinger, and Jean Weihs Organizing Audiovisual and Electronic Resources for Access: A Cataloging Guide, Second Edition Ingrid Hsieh-Yee Introduction to Cataloging and Classification, Tenth Edition Arlene G. Taylor LIbRaRy and InfoRMaTIon

Motivation As A Foundation For All Sports Around The World

Motivation forms a foundation for all sports around the world. (Spray, Wang, Biddle Chatzisarantis 2006).It is of vital importance for athletes to improve the degree of determination and desire of sporting performance, because it can be the decisive factor for emotional control, strengthening attention, improving confidence and degree of loving sports. For an individual to become the best in any sports activity, motivation is crucial as it helps him or her to do the necessary to maximize his or her ability for better performances. As a result, the athlete can implement and attain his or her planned goals. In addition, motivation is important in sports as it conditions the psychic state of an athlete, thus problems associated with the†¦show more content†¦For better performance in any sport, an individual must have that desire to develop as a sports participant, and be willing to maintain all positive efforts until the planned goals and objectives are implemented. In sports, motivation is imperative, as it is the only aspect that can be controlled by the participant during any performance. Various aspects like ability, competition difficulties, and motivation influence performance. An individual is born with his or her ability. Thus, it is impossible to change it and cannot be controlled. Difficulties in the competition may be because of the opponent’s ability or external factors like weather, away games, and the crowd. This also is out of control of an individual. Motivation, on the other hand, influences performance and can be controlled. The level of success achieved by an athlete is directly influenced by motivation. An individual who is highly motivated to improve his or her performances put more effort and time necessary for performance improvement. At the beginning of any competition, motivation affects how an athlete will perform. For example, if the competition involves opponents of equal capabilities, motivation will determine the results more than the ability. Here, athletes who do not give up, perform at their best and work hard attain the best outcomes. Therefore, the fact that an individual can be active or passive by nature, indifferent or

Different Methods Of Assessment At University Education

Introduction As an increasing number of students are studying at university level which has become a common topic for discussion today. More and more researchers pay close attention to this as well as the forms or methods of assessment. Universities across the globe have a variety of methods. Different methods of assessment accomplish distinct aims, and students should be tested with different forms of assessments according to their learning styles. This essay will discuss whether there should be greater flexibility in forms or methods of assessment at university education. The aims of education Education is the most important and effective way to help individuals develop and socially progress. People establish their own concept of the†¦show more content†¦Education has provided people with equal opportunities to appreciate and understand this world with their own thought, concerning the beauty of nature, and comprehension of past experiences, which they can analyse and find a solution. The aims of university education are to develop students’ skills for learning and assist them to immerse themselves deeply in society (Swain, 2011). Generally, people learn the basic problem-solving skills in kindergarten, but due to the expectations of the future, such as having a better quality of life, they intend to go to university to master life and job related skills. In the early stages of university, students are expected to learn the professional knowledge in the field they study in, and in the final year, university will give students opportunities to apply for the internship at popular companies or organisations. Those work experiences will have beneficial effects on the students’ career development and help them to adapt to society easier after graduation. Various forms or methods of assessment achieve different purpose 1. Traditional written assessments: Most universities use traditional written assessments as methods to evaluate students’ learning outcomes, including open-book and closed-book final exams, essays and reports. Those methods always help students gain speculative knowledge and practical skills which are necessary for them to master and promote their writing ability. As an example, open-book and

The Conception Of Morality Is Present Throughout Human...

Everette Somers Amie Zimmer PHIL 101 Essay 4 The conception of morality is present throughout human civilization. In every society, there exists a paradigm for how one should act. From a broad perspective, it seems that there are some moral principles which are ubiquitous. There are certain activities or behaviors which are believed to be objectively wrong by the majority of individuals across cultures, such as murder, lying, stealing, and betrayal. This indicates that there are virtues—respect for human life, honesty, loyalty—which are inherent in these specific moral principles, as well as cross-cultural. Considering this, it is easy for one to submit to the notion that there is an absolute moral code which dictates human behavior. Conversely, closer inspection reveals that the moral codes of individual societies are widely variable, which makes these universal virtues difficult to recognize or seemingly irrelevant. Although it is evident that there are values which are present within all cultur es, this apparent universality is not sufficient evidence that humans possess an innate moral instinct. Hence, there is no absolute moral code which is innate, but there are moral principles which seem to be intrinsic to human society, as well as universal throughout history and across cultures. These principles are not â€Å"hard-wired† into biological systems, nor are they handed to us by a transcending source, but they arise from fundamental human nature through interaction with ourShow MoreRelatedLegal Positivism Vs. Law Of Nature1285 Words   |  6 Pagesv. the Law of Nature Legal philosophy has changed dramatically throughout the years; many theories have evolved and are still supported to this day. Concepts such as values, morality, desires, and reason all come into play when law is defined. Law is a very difficult word to define; what exactly is it and where does it come from? To understand the idea of law, one must also understand how humans have evolved. From the beginning, humans have been forming groups for survival; either they were frightenedRead MoreAnalysis Of Jean-Jacques RousseauDiscourse On Inequality997 Words   |  4 Pagesdetrimental to humans as well as the difference between amour propre and amour de soi when it comes to sexual desire. As stated amour de soi means love of self, but Rousseau says that has to do with a mans â€Å"pre-reflective selfs self-conception and the desire it has for its own self-preservation.† (Chazan, pg.342) Amour de soi is more of an instinct of ones sense of self in nature, and with this is what he believes that the â€Å"natural man† encompassed. In his opinion â€Å"natural man† had morality and a senseRead MoreThe Foundation of Society: Common Morals1383 Words   |  6 Pagesperhaps the inspiration for these three rights when he expressed his idea that all people were free and equal. He wrote that man was born with the right to â€Å"preserve himself, his liberty and property† (Locke). These codes, laws, and rights expressed throughout the ages may not be identical, but they are all based on the same basic idea that we have the freedom to do what it takes to be happy and preserve what is ours. We have the right to life. The idea of the equality of all people has become mostlyRead More The Application of Utopia in Brave New World Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagesillustrates the loss of morality when established standards are replaced by amoral criteria.   In his novel, Huxley criticizes the practical applications of Utopia in actual society. Huxleys depiction of love, science, and religion support the ineffectiveness of implementing Utopia in everyday life.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Brave New World, Huxley shows contempt for the human emotion of love.   The people that make up his imaginary society have no conception of love or any otherRead MoreCriticism of Practical Application of Utopia in Brave New World1192 Words   |  5 PagesHuxleys Brave New World illustrates the loss of morality when established standards are replaced by amoral criteria. In his novel, Huxley criticizes the practical applications of Utopia in actual society. Huxleys depiction of love, science, and religion support the ineffectiveness of implementing Utopia in everyday life. In Brave New World, Huxley shows contempt for the human emotion of love. The people that make up his imaginary society have no conception of love or any other passion, and actuallyRead MoreThe Pursuit Of Truth And Knowledge Essay2371 Words   |  10 PagesThere is a reoccurring theme in the history of the world that every civilization has contributed to: it is the endless pursuit of truth and knowledge. The pursuit has never been about reaching a destination or an end point, or about acquiring all the truth and knowledge there is to acquire. Men have learned early on that the universe it too vast to unearth all its mysteries. However, throughout this pursuit, men have also learned about the limitations of their own understandings, the setbacks ofRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Billy Budd1632 Words   |  7 Pagesepitomizes the narrator’s conception of evil. While Melville may seem to mock religion, he mocks the narrator’s incorrigible rectitude, which inaccurately recounts events as well as unfoundedly adheres to Captain Vere’s justifications. Billy Budd emerges as the perfect sailor with a phenomenal physique and an outstanding moral code. In the narrator’s perception, Budd surpasses all other sailors and seems to have a supernal influence on the ship. Budd’s beauty radiates throughout his entire form; andRead MoreEveryman: The play1213 Words   |  5 Pagessuch a profound word. It is a burdened, aggressive, penetrating word that replicates an actuality that every human will have to come to accept. Death is an adversary in the play that signifies physical death. The author recognizes the consequences of death and uses that knowledge to bring in the reader. In Everyman, the author portrays the character Death as a symbolic exemplification of human death and the reader sees that â€Å"Death† does not surpass anyone, it is in God’s hands, and it convicts onesRead MoreMoral Code Of Self Independent And Only Trust1794 Words   |  8 Pageshis life like a free spirit whereas Wells lives to serve o rders. He doesn’t take order from people. He lives up to his moral code of self-independent and only trust himself. His arrest and injury portray his failure to acknowledge the corruption of human selfish act. He learns that his fate is inevitable when his death approaches him just the same as Wells. He is certainly not going to do the same again like Wells â€Å"[who is] giving up things for years to get here.† Chigurh detects that since Wells’Read MoreChange in American Social Values in Thomas Mertons Rain and the Rhinoceros and Fire Watch1697 Words   |  7 Pageslife while at the same time promoting social change. Yet, his writing style strongly reflects the modernist thinkers he studied while at Columbia. The paper shall focus on the essays â€Å"Rain and the Rhinoceros† and â€Å"Fire Watch, July 4, 1952,† and present passages from his journals. It will also draw attention from other sources other than Merton’s own. Finally, it will conclude with the ideas of the author. ‘It will talk as long as it wants, this rain.’ â€Å"But they must know that there is wetness

Social Movements

Question: Write an essay on Social movements. Answer: Social movements are purposeful movements which are organized and directed towards bringing about a drastic social change. The social change which is brought thereby is essentially brought to serve some kind of desirable change in the society. Although the economic sphere and the social sphere are deemed as two different entities, they are explained to be self-complementary in the theories of three great sociologists- Karl Marx, Max Weber and Emily Durkheim. On the one hand, Marx believed that economy I the very base of a society that is the ultimate determinant of societal superstructure. On the other hand, to weber, the society is nothing but an extension of the society, while to Durkheim, economy is one social institution that the society is composed of (Marshall et al. 2013 p 2) Marxism: Marx believed that each society has a ruling class and that particular section determines the ideology of that particular society. In collaboration with Engels, Marx wrote The German ideology, where the two authors reinforced the definition of ideology, as not something that is inherently right, but something that serves the purpose of a the dominant section of the society. According to Marx, ideology, in any society acts as a superstructure, where the socio-economic condition of the prevalent era is but only a base. According to Marx, the cultural production of the era will always comply with the thought pattern of the ruling class (Anderson 2016 p 15). Furthermore, Marx pointed out that the era of Feudalism was not an extinct concept in the prevalent era. The capitalist society of the eighteenth Century is an extension of the feudal form of society. While the feudal sections are no longer present, the society of the time, is clearly divided into two sections- the Bourgeoisie and th e Proletariat. While the former class, are the owners of the means of production, belonging to the group of traditional exploiters, the latter are the workers, who are exploited, in the process of offering their labor. Marx upholds that the proletariats are educated with the false ideology, something that gets reflected in the literature, philosophy or the legal system of the prevalent era. As Herbert Mercuse has also affirmed that the proletariats will be usually educated in terms of their thought process and opinion formation, in accordance with the capitalist theory. As such, even if the exploited section is trying to raise their voice, their views will be to a great extent conforming to the ideology and the principles of the exploiter section of the society (McMurthry 2015 p 32). Whether it is a matter of a religious institution, or an educational institution, the principal of the dominant class of the society will be found to possess a voice, and rigid control. Marx believes th at owing to this control over the ideology of the state, the stability of the ruling party is never brought into question. However, once the oppressed section starts understanding the process of exploitation they have undergone for ages, they start questioning the ideology of the ruling class; from this, emerges the revolutionary ideas of the proletariats which directly pose a challenge and threat to the activities, and age-old concepts of the bourgeois class of people (Parekh 2014 p 110).To the bourgeois section, labor is just another commodity, it is another means of production, and hence the exploitation can be carried out on the laborers, by increasing their working hours, reducing their wages, and offering them low quality working condition . However, as less opportunity of education is offered to the exploited section of the society, in very much consonance with the ideology of the ruling class to stop them from revolt, they cannot take up the necessary step. But gradually, wi th the formation of rad unions, materialization of a revolutionary idea, they aspire and strive to emancipate themselves from a rigidly controlled society of the capitalists. In the Communist Manifest, Marx pointed out that the motto of the capitalist will never be a classless society, but to widen the gap of class based distinction in the society. Hence, both Marx and Engels, pointed out that the capitalists will try their besat to reduce the wages payable to the laborers, and the latter should keep on striving to achieve the opposite (Alexander et al. 2014 p 90). The revolutionary ideals of the exploited class lead to the development of the trade unions, which work as an outlet for the complaints and grievances of the weaker proletariats. In reality, the bigger movements of the Great Depression had long-lasting effect, in recognizing the importance of the trade unions. At this time, the corporate class of people, recognized the legal right of the trade unions, and also accepted th e bargaining power of the laborers. Not only so, in the words of Marx, even mass media itself is a body which reflects the ideology of the capitalist class, as it is itself one of the means of production of the ruling class. Thus, whatever information and facts are revealed through media it will necessarily engender the ideology and the worldview of the ruling class of the society. As such, in a patriarchal society, anything that is shown on the television will essentially reflect the rightful authority of the male in the household, or it will justify the power exercised by the male member of the family. The media will thus voice so much of the views and opinions of the patriarchal society, which the ideology of the male dominating class, will appear to be the most normal, and socially accepted idea for the society. At the same time, the inhabitants of the society, who are acquainted and socialized into believing the ideology of the ruling class, they will never be easily able to qu estion the dominance and the precedence of the ruling class. Thus, in a patriarchal society, one will not easily come across a television show, which will exhibit the free spirit, or the uninhibited desires of a woman, as it might lead to feminist movement that would challenge and interrogate the whole system of patriarchy (Moueffe 2014 p 67). Hence, anything that would be opposing or contradicting the vantage point of the patriarchal society (the ruling class) will be censored. It is through this process of stifling the freedom of expression of mass thought, that the ruling class imposes a rigid control on the autonomy of the media. While this is called the materialist stance, it stands in opposition to the ideological stance. The materialist stance reflects the dominant ideology of the ruling class, while the ideological stance is that which reflects the ideology of the consciousness (Mommsen et al. 2013 p 41). Marx believes that the ruling class ideology, will only be allowed to be reflected as the most natural and rightful thing, and this helps in the creation of ideology in such a way, that any sort of contradictory viewpoint is regarded as an obnoxious idea. For instance, despite the presence of the trade unions, there was a huge lack of unity and co-operation among the workers, necessary to combat the exploiter class of the society. This was simply the result of the industrialization process, that was introduced by the capitalist society, which led to the less demand for laborers because of greater reliance on machinery. Because of this system, there was greater competition among the workers, and resultantly the competition prevailed, even when an unified force was needed for forming the trade unions. Thus, the whole system is locked and imprisoned by the ruling ideology of the state (Larrain et al. 2013 p 34).Weber:Webers view of social change, stood in direct opposition to Marxs idea. As opposed to Marxs point of view, that social change occurs in a s ociety only after there is a glaring instance of class difference leading to class struggle, Weber believed that social change can come either through a particular purpose or by an accident. In The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, Max Weber points out that the emergence of capitalism in northern part of Europe occurred due to the Protestant, especially the Calvinist ethics, which encouraged in a compelling way, the masses to engage in materialistic activities, so that greater progress, in terms of financial gains could be witnessed. The point that Weber emphasized, was that in no way, did the Protestant followers, through their viewpoint, tried to express any greed or lust underlying such materialistic motive. Rather, they explained their ideology from a very morally justified point of view (Giddens 2013 p 89). Weber even argues by quoting Benjamin Franklin, whose speech for the masses, reinforces the necessity of earning more money, not for the purpose of mere wealth accumulation, but as a gesture of striving and toiling for future security. The Reformation, in the words of Weber, suggests that hard work, which is dedicated for getting greater wealth and prosperity, is an act of dedicating life to God. Weber further states, that usually religiosity implies denial and withdrawal from any materialistic or worldly affair of the world. But as opposed to this, Protestantism inspired the people from the pre capitalist era to dedicate their lives for greater financial rewards, and however, this view was not without the support of an ideological base. Rather, these were produced owing to already existing spiritual theories and doctrines, which highlight the importance of hard work and strong dedication to achieve materialistic gains as a means to achieve the higher goal in life. Weber further pointed out that during the Reformation period, the Roman Catholic Church was assuring salvation to the people who submitted unquestionably to their authority (Web er 2013 p 45). However, such assurance was totally missing in the Protestant period, and this created a huge lack of self-confidence among the people, as they started believing that some people are pre-destined to attain salvation, while others were not. In addition to this, was Calvins theory of double destination, which claimed that some people were pre-destined to attain salvation, while others were not. Thus, as there was a great absence of religious assurance regarding salvation, the people started finding out their own means of the same. Thus, apart from clerical service in the church, any vocation, that was associated with hard work and continuous efforts started getting associated with a way to attain Gods grace. Webber further argued that beside the glorification of hard work, the Protestantism resented the idea of extravagance, as it was a sin, and it also discarded the value of helping a beggar, as it believed in hard work and not in beggary. As a result, there was a huge accumulation of wealth, which led to the creation of Nascent Capitalism (Alexander et al. 2014 p 92). Durkheim: Durkheim spoke of the importance of social integration in the formation of a society. According to him, men are different from beasts; on one major point- their insatiable lust for more. The desires of men cannot be satisfied, the more the desires are met, the more men want. Thus, there arises a need for social regulation, which will exert a rigid control on the inordinate desires of mankind. But when the social regulations are no longer at work, it leads to the destruction of the creation of a state, known as anomaly, which will result in the disruption of order and law, in an otherwise socially regulated world (Durkheim et al. 2014 p 72). As opposed to Marx, Durkheim proposed a theory of Functionalism, which advocated that a sense of cohesion defines a society, rather than a sense of conflict. In his The Division of Labor in Society, he says, that ordinarily human being s are egoistical beings, thinking about and prioritizing their selfish motives and needs; however, a society regulates such selfish tendencies of human mind, by inculcating in the human minds the importance of certain values, norms and ideals, which are ideologically deemed to be correct (Durkheim et al. 2013 p 50). This process of educating a child, since his birth, about the importance of certain social values, creates a sense of collective consciousness, which ultimately creates a sense of unity, and integration in the society (Alexander et al. 2014 p 74). Even, Durkheim talks of the idea of division of labor, like Marx. However, unlike Marx, to Durkheim, division of labor does not lead to the class conflict, ultimately resulting in the disintegration of the social system. On the other hand, to Durkheim, division of labor implies, a process where most of the people are not doing the same work, and following their own specialized areas (Swartz et al. 2012 p 93). This , in no way, creates clash or conflict, rather it helps in creating a strong sense of solidarity, borne out of a feeling of inter-dependence on each other. According to Durkheim, a human being is full of inordinate desires and selfish motives, and he can become a human in true sense only through the incorporation of the social control upon him. But Durkheim notes that in recent times, the modern society, as opposed to the ancient one, is gradually moving towards individualism. This individualistic trait is pushing them to a feeling of prolonged emptiness and frustration resulting in anomaly and higher suicide rates. So, he talks of the importance of greater social integration required for the modern societies (Turner et al. 2016 p 11).Comparative Study of Marx, Weber and Durkheim : Marx points out that there is an inherent sense of conflict in the society, arising from the class-distinction. According to him, the state is run by a false ideology, representing the needs of the ruling class, and t he exploited class of the society, are absorbed and trapped in such an ideological perspective for ages (Halewood et al. 2014 p 171). On the other hand, Durkheim believes that this ideology reflects the moral purpose of the society, that through an ideological control, the society restricts the possibility of selfish and immoral acts. Again, Weber believes, unlike Marxs perspective, men were never imprisoned by a system of capitalism, but they themselves went to achieve the same, on their own (Da silva et al. 2015 p 159-179). In the present day world, the theories of the classical theorists of Sociology are still prevalent. Marx believed in the theory of socialism, where everyone would be granted equal opportunities, and in todays world, the NGOs are organized bodies which try to reach out to the needy ones as well, trying to create minimum balance in opportunity level. Similarly, as Durkheim talks of the importance of social cohesion, in present days, as sociologists point out, the gift exchange in Christmas or New Years Eve, reflects the importance attached to the concept of social solidarity (Dobbin et al. 2014 p 12)). Reference List: Alexander, J.C., 2014. Classical Attempt at Theoretical Synthesis (Theoretical Logic in Sociology): Max Weber. Routledge.Alexander, J.C., 2014. The Antinomies of Classical Thought: Marx and Durkheim (Theoretical Logic in Sociology) (Vol. 2). Routledge.Alexander, J.C., 2014. The Antinomies of Classical Thought: Marx and Durkheim (Theoretical Logic in Sociology) (Vol. 2). Routledge.Anderson, P., 2016. Arguments within English marxism. Verso Books.da Silva, M.C., de Souza, F.J.V., de Arajo, F.R. and da Silva, J.D.G., 2015. Scientific Methodology for the Applied Social Sciences: Critical Analyses About Research Methods, Typologies And Contributions From Marx, Weber And Durkheim. Revista Cientfica Hermes, (13), pp.159-179.Dobbin, F. and Baum, J.A., 2014. Introduction: Economics meets sociology in strategic management. Advances in strategic management, 17.Durkheim, E., 2013. Emile Durkheim on institutional analysis. University of Chicago Press.Durkheim, E., 2014. The rules of sociological method: and selected texts on sociology and its method. Simon and Schuster.Giddens, A., 2013. Politics and sociology in the thought of Max Weber. John Wiley Sons.Halewood, M., 2014. Rethinking the Social Through Durkheim, Marx, Weber and Whitehead. Anthem Press.Heywood, A., 2012. Political ideologies: An introduction. Palgrave Macmillan.Kay, A., 2015. The sociologies of law of Marx, Weber and Durkheim: a comparison and critical synthesisMarshall, B., 2013. Engendering modernity: Feminism, social theory and social change. John Wiley Sons.McMurtry, J., 2015. Structure of Marx's World-View. Princeton University Press.Mommsen, W.J. and Osterhammel, J., 2013. Max Weber and His Contempories. Routledge.Mouffe, C., 2014. Gramsci and Marxist Theory (RLE: Gramsci). Routledge.Parekh, B. and Parekh, F.B., 2015. Marx's Theory of Ideology (RLE Marxism) (Vol. 22). Routledge.Swartz, D., 2012. Culture and power: The sociology of Pierre Bourdieu. University of Chicago Press.Turner, B.J., 2016. Rece nt Doctoral Dissertations:" The Social Origins of Academic Sociology: Durkheim". History of Anthropology Newsletter, 4(2), p.11.Weber, M., 2013. The agrarian sociology of ancient civilizations. Verso Books.

Happy Nation free essay sample

When asked this question, many people would have many different answers. Some may refer to happiness as family, and others may declare money as one of their main reasons for happiness. Indeed, all people are different. However, happy people usually have one thing in common and it is where they live. So, what should a country have, or look like in order to deem itself the happiest? According to New York Times’ reporter Nicholas D. Kristof, Costa Rica is the current â€Å"winner† of the â€Å"World Database of Happiness. This small Central American country has accomplished monumental undertakings to deserve this enormous title. For instance, Costa Rica abolished its army, preserved nature, and made investments in education more profitable than investments in artillery. In fact, Costa Ricans can be proud of their country and fairly deem themselves the happiest nation; however, Americans, for example, can also deem their country as the happiest ones. Moreover, the United States has everything to be at the top of the list of â€Å"happy nations. A rich environment, high level education, enriched family and international relationships would be some of the reasons why American citizens may consider themselves to be the happiest nation in the world. First of all, the United States have a very rich environment to be happy with. The environment of the US consists of sparkling lakes and streams full of fish, making fishing a popular hobby of Americans sportsman. In addition, an abundance of cascading mountains and forests full of deer, wild boars, pheasants, birds and other animals make hunters and naturalists alike happy to be here. In fact, every year more and more people retreat to the mountains and campsites to hunt or vacation and enjoy these natural amenities. To name a few others, skiing, snowboarding and biking are sports that becoming more popular these days. In 2009 for example, according to the National Ski and Snowboarders Retailers Association, 5. 5 million people participated in the sport in 2009. The United States’ national parks encourage enthusiasts from its natives and tourists from all over the world. In addition, the US has many bodies of water, but the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, on the East and West Coasts of the United States, offer many opportunities. In fact, Americans love sea food and having access to the two largest oceans makes eating fish daily a common occurrence. Moreover, having two oceans spanning two major coast lines provides picturesque sandy beaches for comfortable living and popular vacation spots. From California to Oregon, and Maine to Florida, these beaches and scenic spots draw many to live and vacation here. Besides the lakes, mountains and beaches, the United States has many more wonders of nature. For instance, the Grand Canyon in Arizona, Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming, the Arches National Park in Utah as well as Yosemite National Park in California all of which draw many visitors. Only Grand Canyon visited 4. 41 million tourists in 2008. In addition, Niagara Falls, sharing its border with Canada is also one of the most widely visited natural attractions among Americans. In other words, the United States has an incredible environment that can easily be deemed the best in the world. The second important reason why Americans can consider themselves a happy nation is education. American education is widely known as the best around of the world. In fact, most notable famous scientists, archaeologists and sportsman graduated from colleges and universities in the United States such as inventor Sicorsky, sportsmen Tiger Woods and a scientist Linus Pauling. Besides that, almost every person who had a chance to graduate from any of the United States’ universities countries became later successful in native country. Indeed, a diploma from an American educational institution is easily accepted in other countries; therefore, there are not difficulties with finding job . In addition, there is also another extraordinary reason that supports American education opportunities. It is financial aid. Very few counties provide financial aid to low-income students, and American citizens who are offered this opportunity should be very proud of it. Despite the current economic downfall, the United States continues to provide this opportunity allowing students to obtain an education in higher learning. For instance, in 2008 the United States Government provided nearly 91 billion in financial aid to 104 million students. Moreover, according to President Obama the financial aid budget will increase this year and more students will be able to finish their study. Furthermore, the American government creates special programs that allow students from foreign countries to come to the United States on student visas. Those programs are very popular among foreign students because they not only provide a decent opportunity to gain a valued experienc e, but also provide job opportunities after graduation. Briefly, high level education is one of the reasons that support America as a happy nation. Finally, enriched family and international relationships are also good reasons that support the American â€Å"Happy Nation† theory. In fact, family, for almost every American citizen, is the biggest treasure in the world. There is no other place in the world where people send so many greeting cards to loved ones as they do here in the United States. For example, in the Ukraine cards are sent for happy events such as, birthdays, weddings or holidays, however it would be interpreted as a personal offense to receive a sympathy card when someone dies. It is even impossible to find such kind cards in the Ukraine because they simply are not for sale! Therefore, Americans have to be proud of having such a nicely-shared tradition. Another practiced tradition that may deem as â€Å"American only† is the Thanksgiving holiday. In fact, this favorite United States’ holiday is unfamiliar to other countries. Indeed, there is no other place in the world where people, once a year no matter what, spend many hours flying or driving to spend this holiday with their loved ones enjoying family traditions. Besides the family relationships, Americans have excellent international relationships. Around the world the United States is known as a strong, wealthy and successful county. Moreover, during international conflicts the United States’ opinion often plays an important role in the negotiating process. In fact, in 2002 the United States of America solved Arab-Israeli Conflict between Palestine and Israel. Indeed, America is looked upon for its strength. Besides good negotiation skills America is known as a very welcomed and peaceful country. Throughout time thousands of people from hundreds of countries, despite their race or religion, settled and made their homes in the United States. In other words, a country where discrimination does not exist and holiday traditions are practiced from generation to generation can easily be deemed a joyful place in the world. The United States has everything it needs to consider it a happy country. People from around of the world who visited the US at least once noticed how glorious the United States is. Moreover, the relationships that the American Government built over time with other countries may also be one of the reasons why American citizens are proud of their country. In addition, the high level of education that is world renowned may also make citizens feel happy. In other words, a happy nation is comprised of hard-working satisfied people who enjoy their environment, families and homes, who take pride and are patriotic, and who support educational opportunities provided by a government respected by other nations that country is the United States of America.

A Titled and Descriptive Essay For Museum Report

A Titled and Descriptive Essay For Museum ReportIf you have just finished writing a submission for your college or university, you may want to look into finding the perfect essay for museum report. There are a number of quality online resources for preparing and submitting essay for museum report, but the biggest benefit of submitting a service from an online resource is that they offer a lot of tips and tricks to help you make your essay effective.One of the best tips for completing a museum report essay is to begin by defining what it is you want to convey through your essay. This is the first thing that comes to mind when a person is deciding what essay to submit to college or university. It should tell your prospective readers what you expect to convey.This will help your readers have a better understanding of the whole idea you are trying to get across. Be sure to consider the theme of your essay. You can use this to help define your subject matter and make your essay more inter esting.You can also give your essay a title. You can choose from descriptive titles, descriptive key phrases, and even unique titles. The title that you choose will be an important component of your essay, and you need to think about it from a lot of different angles.You can choose to tell readers what you want them to learn from your essay, or you can explain what you intend to accomplish with your essay. In a descriptive essay, you are usually going to be writing a brief and easy-to-read synopsis of the assignment. If you are not sure how to structure a descriptive essay, the second option may be best for you.You can also choose to put the key phrases at the beginning of your essay. Key phrases are phrases that will tell readers what you are saying, and you can include some or all of these keyphrases in your essay. A common example of this is putting 'I think' at the beginning of the essay and ending it with 'Therefore.'The title for your essay for museum report is a very importan t part of your essay. It is going to guide readers in understanding what you intend to communicate. The title can help you make your essay more attractive, effective, and interesting to your reader.

Is there a crisis of meaning in the contemporary world Essay Example

Is there a crisis of meaning in the contemporary world Essay In modern day society, an increasing number of people question their purpose, their meaning, and their very existence on this earth. The questioning stems from either a lack of faith, a lack of understanding, lack of knowledge, or the general belief that human life pales in insignificance to the universe, and that, as described in Humanism: A Very Short Introduction, humanity amounts to nothing more then a dirty smudge on a ball of rock lost in an incomprehensively vast universe'(page 119)1. We must ask ourselves, what causes humanity to constantly question itself? Can it be solely be attributed to the rise of modern day science, which casts itself directly opposite the might and meaning of religion? Or it may be the fact that humans, are a race are more aware of the Earths small role in the vast universe; a parallel with humanities own insecurities about their own role in the colossal size of the universe. Personal situations, such as the heartbreak of unrequited love, the despair of losing your job, can evaporate all meaning in an individuals life, thus leading towards a crisis of value. In the Western world especially, the rise of atheism has also contributed towards an individuals lack of belief and sense of meaning; as one turned to religion and the belief that there was a higher power, which was substantial enough to give the individual meaning and a place in society. However, the rise of atheism, has led people to question the idea of an all powerful God. We will write a custom essay sample on Is there a crisis of meaning in the contemporary world specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is there a crisis of meaning in the contemporary world specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is there a crisis of meaning in the contemporary world specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The seeds of modern day atheism were sown by Karl Marx, who felt that religion was a form of control, and that the idea of a God was an illusion. He also stated that Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the feelings of a heartless world, just as it is the spirit of unspiritual conditions. It is the opium of the people. 2 This school of thought gained popularity, as more and more people started to think outside of the institutionalized, rigid ideas of religion. It was thought that the idea of an all loving God, whom people had to worship did not satisfy the developing curiosity of the masses, who still wonder, how an omniscient, omnipotent higher being, can allow atrocities such as the Nazis slaughter of millions of Jews in World War 2 occur without trying to stop it, or lets natural disasters such as the Japanese earthquake and tsunami of 2011 take place. Surely if a loving God exists, such pain and suffering cannot be piled on so many people? Certain religions, such as Hinduism, go to great lengths to explain the suffering inflicted upon so many. It is a belief in Hinduism, and various other religions such as Buddhism and Sikhism, that our physical beings are just a shell for our soul, which is derived directly from God itself. This soul is reincarnated within various lifetimes, as punishment for our past sins. This means that the agony and pain undergone by so many is a direct result of our past actions, in previous lives, thus taking the absence of an intervention of God, out of the equation. The lack of a definitive answer however, leads individuals to lose faith in a God, and a religious system, as these questions eventually cannot be answered by anybody, all but leaving either a feeling of emptiness or content inside the person; as they either are satisfied with knowing theres nothing more to life, or are depressed by the thought that there is no meaning to their existence. Albert Schopenhauer, a philosopher in the 18th century rejected the idea of a God, and that suffering and loss is all of our own making, and not determined by a higher power. An existential crisis is in most cases triggered by a significant event which provokes a turning point in an individuals life. These can range from cases involving the loss of a loved one, to an individuals own sense of isolation and detachment from the modern world. Looking back on my own experience of being in the position of one who has lost faith and ultimately questioned the purpose of life, the ultimate answer is that each person must come to their own conclusion, and find their own path in life. For me, after going through the pain of unrequited love, I was lead to question God, and the reason why I had been going such heartache, while others around me were so happy, and for a period of time I felt isolated and found no reason strong enough to justify why human beings are here. For me, being brought up in a religious household, this was a radical way of thinking, and had no idea how to deal with it. My way of life had been threatened by a new way of thinking, and questioning whether all I believed in was a lie. Now I realize it was my lack underlying lack of faith which subsequently led me to question my existence and purpose on this earth. I discovered that the worst thing about questioning one selfs meaning and purpose, is that there is no definitive answer. The quest for meaning led me to research several philosophers and religious figures, including a prominent Indian philosopher, Swami Vivekananda. Swami Vivekananda enabled me to understand the meaning of our existence, by stating that human beings were like the bee who came to sip the honey, but found its feet stuck to the honey-pot, and could not get it away. Again and again we find ourselves in that state. That is the whole secret of existence. . This is further explained when he questions Why are we here? We came to sip the honey, and we find our hands and feet stuck to it3. This for me implies that human beings are never satisfied with what we have, and always seem to question more and more, without finding any satisfactory answer. The breakthroughs and discoveries in science further destroyed peoples ideas of a higher purpose, as it moved to dissolve the idea of a creator figure. Charles Darwin was a leading figure in challenging Creationism and the Great Chain of Being. His studies and new ideas such as Succession of types, Representative species, and the distribution of species were important in radically altering peoples outlook on life. His theory of evolution, ascertaining that man was essentially once a Neanderthal opposed the idea that we were created for a purpose. It challenged the idea that humanity was the center of the world, and that the hierarchy must be rejected, and that man is just a consequence of nature, which moved to dissolve many peoples belief in a higher power, thus leading them to query their existence, as Darwins theories suggested that we were not put on this planet for any specific reason by a God; we are just a consequence of natural selection and biology. Darwins theories were challenged by Karl Popper, a philosopher who claimed that scientific theories could be falsified and replaced. The problem with science however, is that it does not provide a moral code, or ascertain what is wrong and right to feel, leaving the individual in a quandary about what to believe. In conclusion, it can be said that a higher number of people fail to find meaning in their life, or at least question it at some point in their lifetime. This is due to a combination of a lack of faith in a God/religion , the emergence of science and Darwins theory of natural selection/ evolution and the consequence of suffering caused by events such as the Rwanda genocide and global AIDs crisis. The fundamental problem is that there is no definitive answer, and no solution to the questioning of an individuals purpose, leaving us to the only answer, that each individual must find their own path in life.